Harpokration, Lexicon of the Ten Orators
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§ b16 Boleones (dung heaps): The place where dung is cast is called a boleon (dung heap). Nikandros in book 3 of Attic Dialect (applies) "'dung heaps' to the fields, into which the dung is carried." So Deinarchos and Philemon and others.
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§ b17 Bombylios: a creature similar to a bee, named after'bombos' (humming). Isokrates in the Encomium of Helen.
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§ b18 Boulaia (of the council): Deinarchos in the endeixis (indictment) Against Kallisthenes: “I call to witness Hestia Boulaia,” that is, the one established in the boule (council).
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§ b19 Bouleia (office of councillor): Doing things that are the council's business, which are appropriate for council-members (to do). Deinarchos and Aristophanes in Thesmophoriazousai.
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§ b20 Bouleuseos: The name of a charge applied to two circumstances. The one is whenever someone by plot arranges death for someone else, whether the person plotted against dies or not, and the other whenever someone, being registered as indebted to the public treasury, sues someone on the grounds that he has registered him unlawfully. For the former, then, Isaios is a witness, in the speech Against Eukleides, when he says that the trials occurred in the Palladion, but Deinarchos in Against Pistias (says that they trials occurred) on the Areopagos. Aristotle in the Constitution of the Athenians agrees with Isaios. About the other charge: Demosthenes in the first speech Against Aristogeiton. But Hyperides in the first speech against Athenogenes, has used the word in a special sense applying to a trap and deception in regard to money.
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§ b21 Boutades: Bouteia is a deme of the Oineis tribe, whose demesmen are Boutadai.
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§ b22 Boutes: This man held the priesthood. And from him (come)' Boutadai' and' Eteoboutadai', the descendents of Boutes. The'Eteo-' means'true.' Homer: “If I am truly your (son).”.
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§ b23 Bouphonia: Hyperides in Against Demades. It is a festival among Athenians.
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§ b24 Boucheta: Demosthenes in the seventh of the Philippics. It is a city of Epeiros, said in the neuter plural, which Philostephanos in Epeirotika says was named on account of the fact that Themis came there riding on an ox, during the flood of Deukalion.
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§ b25 Boones: Demosthenes in the Against Meidios says the Boones was distinguished and the greatest offices were conferred on him.
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§ b26 Brytidai: Name of an Attic genos: Demosthenes in Against Neaira.
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§ b27 Bomolocheuesthai: Those called'bomolochoi' (altar-ambushers) are principally the ones who sit under the altar at sacrifices and beg with flattery, but also the flautists and seers employed at sacrifices. Pherekrates in Tyranny: “And then, in order that we, since we are always lurking next to the altars on all sides, not be called bomolochoi, Zeus made a very great smoke-hole.” By way of metaphor from these, certain people, easily satisfied and lowly and submitting to anything whatsoever with a view to profit through jesting and mocking, used to be called'bomolochoi.' Aristophanes in Gerytades: “You jest and you mock us and you altar-ambush.”.
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§ g1 Galepsos: Antiphon, Against Laispodios. A Thracian city, as the writers of itineraries say. It was named after Galepsos of Thasos and Telephe, as Marsyas the Younger says in the fifth book of the Makedonika.
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§ g2 Gamelia: Demosthenes in the Appeal against Euboulides, and Isaios. Didymos the grammarian in his commentary on Isaios says that the gamelia was given to phratores at weddings, citing a speech of Panodemos in which nothing of the sort is written. In his Commentaries on Demosthenes, the same scholar says instead that gamelia is the introduction of women to the phratores, citing no evidence for this explanation.
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§ g3 Ganos kai Ganiada: Aischines, Against Ktesiphon. They are Thracian localities, as Artemidoros (says).
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§ g4 Geisipous kai geisipodisma kai geisipodizein: The projecting part of the beam on which the cornice (geison) is, is called a'cornice foot' (geisipous) and'cornice footing' (geisipodisma), and to make this is'to make a cornice foot' (geisipodizein): Isaios in Against the Orgeones.
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§ g5 Gennetai: Those who share the same clan. For when all the citizens were divided part by part, the first and greatest parts were called tribes, and each tribe was divided three ways, and each part of these was called a trittys and and a phratry. And in turn each of the phratries was divided into 30 clans, from which the priesthoods that belong to each were allotted. The word appears among many of the orators, for example Demosthenes in the Appeal Against Euboulides. Isaios in On the Estate of Apollodoros called clansmen'kinsmen.' However, those who were kin simply and by blood were not called clansmen and from the same clan, but rather those who were originally distributed into the named clans. Philochoros in the fourth book says that those whom they now call gennetai were previously called homogalaktes (raised on the same milk).
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§ g6 Gerarai: the women who are consecrated to Dionysos. Demosthenes in Against Neaira.
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§ g7 Geraneia: Lysias, in the Epitaphios. It is a mountain of the Megarid, as Dieuchidas (says).
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§ g8 Gerra (screens): Demosthenes, For Ktesiphon: “they drove out those in the stalls throughout the agora and torched their gerra.” Gerra are a kind of Persian military equipment, as Herodotos also says: but already, by misuse, also any covering, whether made of skin or from some other material, used to be called'gerron.' Here at any rate Demosthenes says that the stalls' coverings and curtains were torched to prevent people gathering around the goods in the agora and holding discussions in the presence of any others. In Against Neaira, if it is genuine, he says thus: “And the law bids the prytaneis set up the voting urns and give the voting pebble to the people as they approach, before the aliens enter and they take down the gerra.” So, either the same is in For Ktesiphon or some such must be understood, that the voting pebble was given by the prytaneis in the presence of the citizens in the assembly before the aliens entered and before the fences were taken down, that is before the assembly was opened up to any who wished to speak.
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§ g9 Geophanion: land in which there is a mine in the ground. On the geophanion on Samos, Ephoros has shown in the ninth book in what manner it was found.
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§ g10 Gepedon (plot of land): Deinarchos in Against Stephanos. The ground is'gepedon,' just as also that which is composed of land and buildings is'oikopedon' (house site). Plato anyway in book 5 of the Laws says, “house plots and land plots that he is allotted.”.
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§ g11 Glaukos: proper name, Karystian by descent.
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§ g12 Glykera: a courtesan.
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§ g13 Gnosis (decision): for'legal judgment,' Demosthenes in Against Aristogeiton.
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§ g14 Gorgyra (drain): Underground ditch: Deinarchos, Aischines. It is also in Herodotos in book three.
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§ g15 Grammateus: Demosthenes, For Ktesiphon. How the grammateus was appointed and what he did, that he was in charge of the documents, looked after decrees that were passed, kept records of everything else and was based near the Boule, has been explained by Aristotle in the Athenian Constitution.
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§ g16 Grapheus: used for'painter' (zographos), Demosthenes, Against Meidias. And they used to call painting'graphein.'.
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§ g17 Graphe: The word for a public suit. Not only whenever someone accuses a decree or law is he said to have a graphe paranomon (public suit for unlawful measure) rendered and filed, but also applying to many other wrongs, whenever one makes a charge either publicly or on grounds that it applies to the public itself. The word appears often in the orators. Demosthenes, Against Konon.
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§ g18 Grypanion [wrinkled]: Antiphon, On Truth 2 “For it makes the ground burn and, as it melts together, grypanion [wrinkled].” and Melanthios in book 2 of the Attic history, talking about when an earthquake happened, says “and the ground egrypen [wrinkled].” Thus Dionysios son of Tryphon in On Names says "'grypainein' is'to be made wrinkled', like the soft bark strips whenever we fold them and then release them." Perhaps then the authors indicate that some kind of foldedness happens to the ground during earthquakes.
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§ g19 Gryllos: Hypereides in Against Epikles concerning a house. Gryllos and Diodoros were sons of Xenophon the Socratic. He ( Gryllos ) died fighting at Mantinea.
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§ g20 Gylios: a plaited soldier's pack, into which one's essentials were placed, as Aristophanes shows, for example, in his Peace.
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§ g21 Gylippos: proper name, a Lakedaimonian.
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§ g22 Gylon: a proper name.
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§ g23 Goniasmos: Lysias in Against Lysitheos, “as one turns along the wall, council members, there is a corner on the left and quite a lot of wide open space.” Also Aristophanes in the Frogs: “and introductions of fine rules and mitered edges of words.”.
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§ d1 Daidalos' creations.
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§ d2 Daeira: a proper name.
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§ d3 Damon: a proper name, teacher to Perikles.
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§ d4 Daochos: Demosthenes, For Ktesiphon. He is one of those who betrayed the Thessalians' affairs to Philip.
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§ d5 Dareikos (daric): Lysias in Against Eratosthenes, one of the Thirty. Darics are gold staters, and one was worth the same as what, among the Attic writers, is called the chrysous [gold coin]. They were called Darics not, as most think, after Dareios, the father of Xerxes, but after another more ancient king. Some say that the Daric is worth 20 silver drachmas, so that 5 Darics are worth a mina of silver.
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§ d6 Dateisthai (to distribute): To apportion, and the distributors (datetai) are apportioners. “To a choice of distributors” is a kind of action. For whenever people shared with each other and some wished to divvy up the common goods but others did not, the willing used to sue the unwilling, summoning them “to a choice of distributors:” Lysias in Against Alexidemos, if it is genuine, and Aristotle in the Constitution of the Athenians.
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§ d7 Datos: it is a city of Thrace, very fortunate. Thus, after this city a proverb is also said: “ Datos of good things.” About this city and the territory adjacent to it they have explained, sometimes saying neuter' Daton' and sometimes feminine'Datos,' as Ephoros always (does) in the fourth book. And once Theopompos (says) masculine'Datos' in book 3 of the Philippika. The city of the Datenoi, however, had its name changed to Philippoi when Philip king of Macedon conquered it, as Ephoros says, and Philochoros in the fifth book.
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§ d8 Deeseis [needs]: Instead of endeia [lack], Antiphon in Of Truth book one.
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§ d9 Deigma (sample, display piece): Properly, the item that is displayed out of each of the things being sold. And furthermore a place in the emporion at Athens to which the samples used to be brought was so called. It was the Athenian habit to mark places themselves after the things in the place. Demosthenes in On the Expense of the Trierarchy and Lysias.
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§ d10 Deipnophoros [dinner-bearer]: Hypereides in the Against Demeos. It is said that the deipnophoroi are recruited now, because the mothers of the confined children used to send food for them every day to the sanctuary of Athena, where they were staying, and they agreed [to be recruited] so that each could embrace her own.
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§ d11 Deiradiotes: Deirades is a deme of the tribe Leontis, the demesman of which is a Deiradiotes.
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§ d12 Deinoi [with skill]: instead of deinesei, Antiphon, Of Truth 2.
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§ d13 Dekazon: Isokrates, On the Peace. What in the world this is, is clear to all. Eratosthenes in his books On Old Comedy shows whence the phenomenon came to be referred to, saying thus, “ Lykos is a hero near the lawcourts in Athens, having the shape of an animal, in front of whom those who take bribes used to gather, arrayed in groups of ten, whence a'company of Lykos' came to be referred to.” Aristotle in the Constitution of the Athenians says that Anytos introduced the bribing of the courts.
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§ d14 Deka kai dekadouchos: Isokrates in the counter-suit Against Kallimachos: “for the Ten who were established after the Thirty were holding office.” About the ten men who were elected at Athens after the dismantling of the Thirty and the events thereafter Androtion has spoken in the third book. Each of the officers, however, used to be called'one of the ten' (dekadouchos), as Lysias makes clear in On the Estate of Diogenes.
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§ d15 Dekadarchia [government of ten]: Isokrates. While the governments installed by the Lakedaimonians in the cities are constantly called dekadarchiai by historians, Isokrates is the one who more or less explained the name in his Panathenaicus; he says that Lakedaimonians made 10 men only masters of each city. But Philip never installed a dekadarchia for the Thessalians, as is written in the 6th Philippic of Demosthenes, but a tetrarchy.
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§ d16 Dekateuein: Demosthenes, Against Androtion: “For not by tithing themselves” for'exacting the tithe' and as it were'plundering.' For things seized from their enemies they used to tithe to the gods. And since Demosthenes, in Against Medon, says about a young girl as follows, “not to tithe her nor initiate her,” Didymos the grammatikos, having written a book about this, says that Lysias, in On the Daughter of Phrynichos, has said that to tithe is to serve as a bear. He says, however, that to dedicate was properly called'to tithe,' since it was Greek custom to dedicate to the gods the tenths of the revenues. But perhaps the orator has said that serving as a bear is tithing since ten-year-old girls used to serve as bears.
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§ d17 Dekateutas (tithe farmers): For'tax-collectors who collect the tenth:' Antiphon in the defense against the public suit of Demosthenes. That the tenth was a custom duty Demosthenes has shown in On The Tax Immunities.
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§ d18 Dekatelogous (tithe collectors): Those who collect the tenth. The same then as the dekateutai. Demosthenes, Against Aristokrates.
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§ d19 Dekeleian: The Peloponnesian War, from the final part.
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§ d20 Delphinion: a place in Chios, as Thucydides (shows) in the 8th book. There is another Delphinion at Athens, a sanctuary of Apollo, where there was also the'lawcourt in Delphinion.' Demosthenes in Against Boiotos.
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§ d21 Derkylidas: a Lakedaimonian king [sic].
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§ d22 Dermatikon: Lykourgos in the speech titled Defense of his Career in Politics. The orator would be calling the money generated from the skins that were sold'dermatikon.'.
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§ d23 Dermestes (hide-eating worm): Lysias in Against Eupeithes. Didymos explains that the worm is so called by Sophokles in Niobe, in book 7 of Words with Unclear Meaning, but Aristarchos, interpreting the Sophoclean passage interpreted it as “ serpent.” But perhaps a dermestes would rather be one that eats hides (dermata), as is indicated in the sixth book of Aristeides' Milesiaka.
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§ d24 Deusopoios (dyed fast): Properly, the word is said applying to purple dye that keeps its brilliance permanent and indelible, but by metaphor'dyed fast' is also said applying to all other things that keep their color permanent and long-lived, among the old writers, as also Plato makes clear in book 4 of the Republic. Diphilos in Foster Brothers: “There is a good dyer in the boy. For he has rendered for us completely fast-dyed swaddling clothes.”.
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§ d25 Demainetos: proper name.
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§ d26 Deliastai: the envoys who went out to Delos: Lycurgus, Against Menesaichmos.
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§ d27 Demarchos: Lysias in Against Moschos. The demarch was a magistrate. They made registers of the properties in each deme. Furthermore, the lexiarchic register resided with them, and they gathered the demes (i.e. demesmen) whenever it was necessary, and they put proposals to a vote for them. Aristotle says in the Constitution of the Athenians that they were established by Kleisthenes, having the same charge as the naukraroi before them. Aristophanes in The Women Claiming Tent-Sites shows that the demarchs used to seize securities.
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§ d28 Demokoinos: the public torturer. Isocrates more or less explained the word in his Trapezitikos.
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§ d29 Demopoietos (citizen by adoption): One who is a foreigner by birth, but has been made a citizen by the demos. In what manner certain people become citizens by adoption Demosthenes has shown in Against Neaira, if genuine.
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§ d30 Demosios (public): Demosthenes, in the Philippics. They call the city's slaves'public.' Aischines, Against Timarchos: “a public slave person of the city.”.
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§ d31 Demotele kai demotika hiera (at public expense and public rites): Used to differ from each other and from associations' ritual and clans' ritual, as Deinarchos shows in Against Stephanos.
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§ d32 Demoteuomenos (being a demesman): To be a demesman is to share in a given deme and to be named after it. Antiphon in the defense Against Philip, if is it genuine.
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§ d33 Demophanes: proper name.
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§ d34 Diagoreuon (stating explicitly): Isaios in Against Diokles in a special sense has used'diagoreuon' for'saying different things' and'not the same things.' For among them,'diagoreuein' is the opposite of'synagoreuein' (to advocate / agree), just as'sympheresthai' (to agree with) is of'diapheresthai' (to differ from), and'sympoliteuesthai' is of'diapoliteuesthai' (to be a political rival), and'symphonein' (to agree / be in harmony) is of'diaphonein' (to be in discord).
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§ d35 Diagramma (register): Hypereides in Against Epikles. That which is assessed in the symmories as to how much each man must contribute. The same was not assessed for all, but according to the valuation of his property. Concerning these things Hypereides has shown most clearly in Against Polyeuktos concerning a register. A diagrapheus moreover is the one appointed in the symmories to judge how much each man ought to contribute, as again the same makes obvious in Against Polyeuktos.
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§ d36 Diagraphe (specification): The description of the mines for sale (lease), showing in writing from what beginning and up to what limit they are for sale (lease).
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§ d37 Diagrapsasthai (to cross out): Lysias in Against Nikides, if it is genuine, for'to remove the charge.'.
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§ d38 Diadoseis (distributions): Grants that fall to one per equal division. Lysias.
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§ d39 Diakechremenon (lent to different persons): For'lent part by part:' Demosthenes, Against Aphobos.
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§ d40 Diastasis (separation, ordering): Antiphon, On Truth book 2: “concerning the ordering that now prevails,” for'ordering of the universe.'.
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§ d41 Diagrapsantos (crossing out/writing an order): Dinarchus in Against Lycurgus. Perhaps for'depositing and paying.' But some use it for'reckoning (i.e. paying) through a bank,' as we say in ordinary usage.
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§ d42 Diathesis (disposition): For'sale:' Isokrates in Bousiris. But for'we have rendered' Antiphon said “we disposed” in Against the endeixis of Kallias, and for'arrangement' the same author in On Concord (said), “but knowing the disposition they listen.” Phrynichos in Tragoidoi says, “by the disposition of the words.” For they say the word'to dispose' for'to arrange.' Antiphon in On Truth 1 (says), “stripped of a starting point, it would have disposed even many good things badly.”'Dispose' for'compose:' Hypereides, Against Demosthenes.
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§ d43 Dialexis (allotment): To divide by lot/share is to to allot, and the act is'allotment:' Antiphon in Against Philinos.
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§ d44 Dia mesou teichous (wall through the middle): Antiphon, Against Nikokles. Inasmuch as there are three walls in Attica, as also Aristophanes says in Triphales, the north and the south and the Phaleric, the south wall used to be called “through the middle” of those on each side, which Plato also mentions in the Gorgias.
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§ d45 Diacheirotonia (vote between two options): Decision of a vote taking place in the assembly. Demosthenes in Against Timokrates and Against Androtion.
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§ d46 Diamemetremene hemera (measured out day): It is a certain measure of water flowing into an aperture measured at a day. It used to be measured in the month of Poseideon. By this (measure) indeed were held the greatest trials and those concerning the greatest matters. The water used to be measured in three parts, one for the prosecutor, one for the defendant, and the third for the jurors. The orators themselves have shown these things very clearly, for example Aischines in Against Ktesiphon. Aristotle in the Constitution of the Athenians is instructive on these things. But one must also consider what appears in Isaios in Against Elpagoras and Demophanes, that in a measured out day, he says, sometimes the trials take place without water and sometimes (measured) against it.
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§ d47 Diametron: the part left over from something that has been rightly measured: Deinarchos in the impeachment Against Kallisthenes.
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§ d48 Diaskeuasasthai (to get ready): for'pack up,' Isaios in Against Kallikrates.
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§ d49 Diaseistous (shaken about): Aischines, Against Timarchos. They seem to have been named after being moved and shaken first, and then thrown, so that they may be rather uncorrupted. Menander, Poloumenoi.
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§ d50 Diapsephisis (voting by ballot): It is said in a special sense, applying to the examinations in the demes, which are held concerning each of the men who are (or appear to be) demesmen, as to whether one in fact is a citizen and a demesman or has been illegally enrolled, being a foreigner: Aischines, Against Timarchos. Androtion in Atthis and Philochoros in book 6 of Atthis have discussed quite completely the diapsephiseis, how they occurred in the archonship of Archias.
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§ d51 Diamartyria kai diamartyrein (testimony by affidavit and to affirm by affidavit): diamartyria was a manner of bringing a counter-suit. For before the case was brought to court, it was possible for anyone who wished to to affirm by diamartyria that the case was admissible or not admissible. It differs from the counter-suit in that the diamartyria is brought not only by the defendants but also by the prosecutors. And previously, at least, it used to be possible for the prosecutor to propose someone testifying that the case was admissible, and concerning this the judgment used to be made first toward him who testified, not toward him who first brought suit. But if the prosecutor should not propose a witness, then it was possible for the defendant to introduce someone testifying that the case was not admissible. And again the trial used to be held toward him who testified. They used to bring charges for false testimony by diamartyriai also, just as in testimonies: Lysias in the diamartyria Against Aristodemos, if the speech is genuine. Isaios in the (dike) apostasiou against Python says that it is not possible for aliens to testify by affidavit. Hypereides in the (graphe) aprostasiou Against Aristagora (II) says that the laws bid him who wishes to affirm by diamartyria in public actions for aprostasiou, just as against aliens and countrymen. Perhaps then aliens were barred from affirming by diamartyria in the private actions for apostasiou, but in the (public) actions for aprostasiou were not barred. Deinarchos, however, has applied'diamartyresai' not to the man who offered the testimony himself, but to the man who furnished someone who gave the testimony in the diamartyria concerning Aristophon's daughter's not being subject to judicial decision. This orator in Against Hedyle also describes the custom of the diamartyria.
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§ d52 Diaitetai (arbitrators): Demosthenes in Against Meidias. Arbitrators are different from jurors. For the latter used to sit in judgement in designated lawcourts and decide cases on appeal from the arbitrators. But the arbitrators — having been appointed by lot beforehand, or else after the disputants had entrusted (arbitration) to them — used to arbitrate the disputants. And if the opponents were satisfied, the action was done. If not, then after depositing in urns the plaints and the summonses and the testimonies and also still the laws and the other proofs of each party, and having sealed them, they would hand them over to the magistrates who introduce the suits. Aristotle in the Athenian Constitution speaks about them.
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§ d53 Diastesai (to set apart, at variance): For'throw into confusion' and in a way'render powerless;' Antiphon in On The Revolution. Menander in The Widow: “Let him throw the city into confusion by shouting.”.
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§ d54 Didaskalos (teacher): In a special sense, they call the poets of dithyrambs or of comedies or of tragedies teachers. Antiphon in On the Choros Boy says, “I was assigned by lot Pantakles as didaskalos.” For that Pantakles was a poet Aristotle has shown in the Didaskaliai. The word is common also in old comedy with this denotation.
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§ d55 Diegguesin (giving security): for'presentation of sureties:' Demosthenes, Against Timokrates. And in Against Neaira, if the speech is genuine, he says, “She, having been vouched for by Stephanos (as surety).”.
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§ d56 Diekodonise (he sounded off): Demosthenes in On the Embassy, for'he tried' and'he tested.' The metaphor is either from those patrolling their posts at night, with trumpets, as Euripides (says) in Palamedes, or from those testing fighting quail with the sound of the trumpet, as Aristarchos (says).
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§ d57 Di' eniautou (through the year): For'through the entire year:' Antiphon, On the Lindians' Tribute. Telekleides in the Prytaneis said'through a day' for'through the entire day.'.
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§ d58 Diespeusamen (I worked zealously): for'I did something with zeal' or'I accomplished:' Isaios in Against Hermon concerning a pledge.
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§ d59 Dieskariphesametha (we sketched in outline): Isokrates in the Areopagitikos. To do something perfunctorily and not with the appropriate precision is to sketch in outline.
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§ d60 Dieteinanto (they extended): Antiphon applied this in a special sense in On the Murder of Herodes, for'they denied with intense zeal.'.
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§ d61 Diellaxen (he [ex]changed): for'he changed,''he died:' Lykourgos in On The Priestess.
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§ d62 Dierxa (I held office to the end): for'I held office through the end,' Lysias in the defense in the public suit against Mixidemos.
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§ d63 Diipoleia: The Diipoleia is a festival at Athens: Antiphon in his On the Choros Boy.
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§ d64 Dikaiogenes: this man was a tragic poet. He also wrote dithyrambs.
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§ d65 Dikaiopolis: Lysias in Against Thrasyboulos, if it is genuine. A city in Thrace near Abdera. Perchance there is also another Dikaiopolis.
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Via ToposText (topostext.org), a project of the Aikaterini Laskaridis Foundation created by Brady Kiesling. Translated by Harpokration Online. Composed ca. 150 CE. Licence: Creative Commons Attribution License. Source.