Harpokration, Lexicon of the Ten Orators

ToposText · Harpokration · 1,247 sections

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§ d66 Dikaiosis (doing justice): Lysias in For the Soldier, if it is genuine, quite certainly says'dikaioseis' for'pleas of justification.' Thucydides, however, many times applies'dikaiosis' to the punishment.
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§ d67 Dike (suit): the word denotes other things as well, but it is said in a special sense applying to private charges, as Demosthenes makes clear in Against Konon.
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§ d68 Dioikiein (to cause to live apart): for'to divide,' so that everyone does not live in the same place, but separately and part by part, Demosthenes in the fifth of the Philippics.
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§ d69 Diopeuon (captaining): Demosthenes in Against Lakritos. The one who captains a ship and oversees the matters throughout the ship is called'captain,' he who among us is called'epiplous.'.
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§ d70 Diotimus: proper name, Athenian admiral.
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§ d71 Diophantus: proper name.
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§ d72 Diolygion (immense): Isaios in Against Stratokles: “immense matters” for'great.' Also Plato.
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§ d73 Diomosia: Properly the (oath) from those who are going to court: Demosthenes, Against Aristokrates.
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§ d74 Dokimastheis (having been examined): For'enrolled among men,' Demosthenes in Against Onetor.'To have been examined' is also said in the case of the magistrates, as the same orator shows in the appeal Against Euboulides. It also used to be said in the case of those exercising citizenship, even if they were not holding any magistracy at all. For their life used to be examined sometimes, as Aischines says in Against Timarchos. And Lykourgos says in On The Administration, “Three examinations occur according to the law, one under which the nine archons are examined, another under which the orators (are), and a third under which the generals (are).” Moreover, he mentions in the same speech also an examination of cavalry.
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§ d75 Doriskos: a place in Thrace: Demosthenes On the Crown and Herodotus.
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§ d76 Dosis (giving/gift): In the orators, a written contract is called (this) in a special sense, whenever someone gives his property to someone via the magistrates, as in Deinarchos.
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§ d77 Drakontides: one of the Thirty: Hypereides.
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§ d78 Drakon: This man is a most famous lawgiver, as Aischines (shows). But there is another Drakon, whom Isokrates has mentioned in the Panegyrikos.
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§ d79 Droggilon: A Thracian place: Demosthenes, in the Philippics.
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§ d80 Dromokerykes (runners): Aischines. The so-called'hemerodromoi' (day-runners).
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§ d81 Drymos: A city between Boiotia and Attica: Demosthenes in On the Embassy. Aristotle in Dikaiomata says it this way: “next Drymos, one Attic and another Boiotian.”.
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§ d82 Drys: Demosthenes, Against Aristokrates, a city in Epeiros. Drys is also a city in Thrace, which the speaker now mentions. Theopompos says in the 20th book that it was founded by Iphikrates.
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§ d83 Dysanios (easily vexed): Antiphon. One who is distressed at everything, even if it is small and negligible, Hippokrates also used the word somewhere, and Menander (too).
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§ d84 Dysaules: Deinarchos in the priestess's diadikasia, if it is genuine. Asklepiades in book four of Tragoidoumena says that Dysaules is autochthonous, and that having married Baubo, he had children, Protonoe and Nisa. Palaiphatos in book nine of Troika says that with his wife he entertained Demeter.
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§ d85 Dysopoumai (I am shy/regard with aversion): for'I am afraid:' Demosthenes in the Philippics and Xenophon in book 2 of the Memorabilia.
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§ d86 Dorieus: Name of a pankratiast.
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§ d87 Doroxenia (bribery by a foreigner): Lysias in Against Nikidas. Hyperides explains the word in Against Aristagora, writing thus: “And yet the law concerning bribery by foreigners is fitting to be introduced in the current trial. For if it has stated that even against those who have been acquitted on charges of xenia, it shall be possible for him who wishes to bring a charge (graphe) again, if they think that the prior acquittal unjustly done, how is the right action against Aristagora not obvious?!” And Aristotle in the Constitution of the Athenians, in talking about the thesmothetai, writes this: “Also before them are public actions (graphai), for which there is a court fee, for xenia and doroxenia, if someone escapes charges of xenia [Keaney: ξενίαν, καὶ συκοφαντίας] by giving bribes.”.
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§ d88 Doron graphe (public action for bribes): Whenever some one of those who are politically active is accused of taking bribes, the charge against him was called in two different ways, both'bribe taking' and'public action for bribes.' Deinarchos therefore titled a certain speech Against Polyeuktes for Bribe Taking, but in Against Pythias for Xenia he often names the public action for bribes.
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§ e1 Ean tis grapsamenos: If after having brought a public action one does not obtain the fifth part of the votes he owes 1000 drachmas and a deprivation of civic rights (atimia) applies. Lysias in For the Law Against the Orators. Theophrastos has also discussed these things in On the Laws.
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§ e2 Hebdomeuomenou (receiving a name on the seventh day): Lysias in Against Eteokles concerning money, if it is genuine. They used to celebrate the seventh or tenth days for newborn children, and used to give them names at least, some on the seventh, as the orator also says, but others on the tenth. Arisotle in book nine of the On the History of Animals writes this: “most perish before the seventh day, wherefore they also give names then, on grounds that they trust in their safety thenceforth.
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§ e3 Eggyetheke: A certain speech is held to be Lysias', entitled On the Eggyetheke. That would be an implement, convenient for setting mixing-bowls, or kettles, or something not unlike these, upon, as Kallixenos indicates in book four of On Alexandria, and Daimachos of Plataia in book two of On India.
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§ e4 Hedoliasai (to furnish with seats/decking): Lykourgos in the work titled Defense of His Career in Politics, applying to sitting together. And the seats on ships are'hedolia' (benches): Herodotos book one.
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§ e5 Ethnos: Not only great and populous race, but also in a special sense, a part of the city. Demosthenes in Against Aristokrates: “If someone should ask you what you think is the most grievous of all ethne ('classes') in the city, you would not say it was the farmers, nor the merchants, nor those from the silver mines, nor any such.” And in the ninth Philippic he says, “But how is Thessaly? Has he not taken their cities and constitutions, and established tetrarchies among them, so that they are slaves not only city by city but even tribe by tribe.”.
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§ e6 Heiloteuein (to be a helot): to be a slave, Isokrates in the Panegyrikos. For those who were slaves of the Lakedaimonians, not by birth, but because they were the first conquered among those living in the city Helos, were helots, as Hellanikos in book one and many others attest.
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§ e7 Eisaggelia (impeachment): is a name of a public suit, and there are three types of impeachments. One is for public wrongs that are very great and do not admit delay, and for which no magistrate is established (as having jurisdiction) nor laws in effect for the magistrates according to which to introduce (the suit), but rather the initial presentation takes place before the council or the people, under who also great penalties are laid upon the defendant, if he is convicted, but the prosecutor, if he does not convict, is penalized nothing, except if he does not capture the fifth part of the votes; for then he pays 1000 drachmas. But long ago, these men too used to receive greater punishment. Another impeachment is mentioned applying to abuses. These are (brought) before the archon, and without risk of penalty against the prosecutor, even if he does not capture the fifth of the votes. And there is another impeachment against the arbitrators. For if someone should be wronged by an arbitrator, it was possible (for him) to impeach this man before the jurors, and if convicted he used to be disfranchised. Isaios, however, (in) On The Estate of Hagnias, called the same action'eisaggelia' and'graphe.'.
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§ e8 Eis emphanon katastasin (for production of things in the open): It is a name of a suit for the purpose of disputed things being out in the open: Isaios in On the Estate of Philoktemon. Aristotle in the Constitution of the Athenians says that this suit is brought before the archon, and that on holding the preliminary examination he introduces it to the jury court.
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§ e9 Eis hen elthen (he came to one): for'he agreed.'.
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§ e10 Eisepodizon (I/they entered by foot): for'I/they entered the low parts of the place:' Isaios in Against the Orgeones.
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§ e11 Eis eo (at dawn): for'at the start of the day:' Isaios in On the Estate of Kiron.
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§ e12 Eisfresein (to let in): for'to lead in,''to admit:' Antiphon and Demosthenes in the eighth Philippic. And the word appears often in Old Comedy.
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§ e13 Ekalistroun (they were calling): Demosthenes in Against Euergos and Mnesiboulos, if it is genuine. It is Ionic and could perhaps be Deinarchos'. For he too uses foreign words.
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§ e14 Hekates nesos ( Hekate's island): Lykourgos, Against Meneaichmos. Before Delos lies a little island, which is called Psammetiche by some, as Phanodemos in the first book. Semos, in book one of Deliaka, says that it was called Psammetiche owing to the fact that the goddess was honored with psammeta. Psammeta are a kind of cake.
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§ e15 Hekatombaion: name of a month. Hypereides. Ammonios at any rate says that it has been called so after the fact that very many hekatombs are sacrificed in this month.
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§ e16 Hekatomnos: proper name.
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§ e17 Hekatompedon (hundred footer): Lykourgos in the speech entitled,'Defense of his Career in Politics.' The Parthenon used to be called Hekatompedos by some, owing to its beauty and fine proportions, not owing to its size, as Menekles or Kallikrates (says) in On Athens.
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§ e18 Ekdeia (deficit): Hypereides in Against Pasikles: “If there is any deficit,” that is to say, if anyone fell short of the money previously held.
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§ e19 Ekdexamenos (having taken over): Demosthenes, For Ktesiphon: “having taken over and written.” Having received something from another, to attempt the second part oneself is'to take over.' One must consider how what is said by the orator in the fifth Phillippic stands: “and the notion that we are taking over (some) of the things done by them (fem.).”.
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§ e20 Ekdikasasthai: To render liable to appeal by bringing a suit: Isaios in Against Kallikrates.
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§ e21 Ekdosis (giving): The maritime loan, as if an'outside' (exo) loan: Against Aphobos (I).
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§ e22 Ekkleteuein (to summon a witness): To bring to a trial so that one may testify under compulsion: Aischines in the defense On the Embassy.
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§ e23 Eklogeis (collectors): Those who collect and exact things owed to the treasury. Antiphon in On the Samothracians' Tribute: “For among us they were chosen as collectors who seemed to have the most money.” Lysias in Against Aresandros: “But now we declare all of the tribute to the collectors.”.
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§ e24 Eklozete (you were hooting): Demosthenes, Against Meidias. They used to call the sound that is made in mouths, which they used to use at the ejection of performances which they were not pleased to hear, a'klosmon' (hooting).
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§ e25 Ekmartyria (testimony given out of court): Differs from testimony, because while testimony is from those who are present, ekmartyria is from those who are absent. Demosthenes in Against Stephanos and Deinarchos in For Aischines against Deinias instruct most clearly on these things.
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§ e26 Ek periousias (from a position of abundant resources): Demosthenes, For Ktesiphon: “but he charges me from a position of abundant resources.” Better to understand thus, namely that'I run risk concerning the utmost matters, while he charges me from great advantage,' not about money, as some think.
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§ e27 Ekplintheusas (having removed bricks): for'having broken up and removed the bricks.' Isaios in Against Diokles.
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§ e28 Ekpolemosai (to make hostile): Demosthenes in the Philippics, for'bring to war,' as also many times in Thucydides. In the Attic authors, however, it is written with eta, as for example in Xenophon, in book six of the Hellenika.
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§ e29 Ek proagoges (by compulsion): For'under compulsion' and'not by nature' and'not simply.' The metaphor (is) from those who are not seated, but are compelled in advance by summonses in chains. Demosthenes, Against Aristokrates.
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§ e30 To expel (by leaves): if any of the councillors seemed to do wrong, the Council used to take a vote regarding him as to whether he must no longer serve as a councillor. Instead of pebbles they used to use leaves, through which each individual indicated his opinion. Deinarchos in Against Polyeuktos after having been expelled.
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§ e31 Elaious: A city of the Thracian Chersonese.
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§ e32 Elateia: Demosthenes, For Ktesiphon. It was a very great city among those in Phokis. From the same orator again in the seventh of the Philippics, if it is genuine, is the following: "(the) three cities in Kassopia: Pandosia, Boucheta, and Elateia." One must mention that among some it has been better written with the rho, Elatreia. Theopompos at any rate in book 43 says that four cities belong to the Kassiopaians, but not three, as Demosthenes (says): Elatreia and Pandosia and Bitia and Boucheta.
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§ e33 Elaphrotatous (lightest): Also in praise the ancients say this word, for'very mild,' the opposite of'very heavy' and'very burdensome.' Isokrates in Panathenaikos: “presenting themselves as as easygoing and moderate as possible toward those who are with them.”.
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§ e34 Eleokopon: Lysias in Against Demosthenes concerning guardianship: “living five months with the eleokopoi.” The orator could be calling those who cut down the marshes'eleokopoi,' the epsilon having been inserted, like “marsh-bred (heleothrepton) celery” in Homer. But perhaps the word has come from'table' (eleon), which is a wooden object. Aristophanes in Knights: “If he should pull me down in addition the table.”.
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§ e35 Eleutherios Zeus: Hypereides: “for Zeus, gentlemen of the jury, has gotten the nickname of being called'freer' on account of the fact that the exeleutheroi built the stoa that is near him.” But Didymos says that the orator is wrong, for he was called'eleutherios' on account of the fact that the Athenians escaped from the Medes. And that' Soter' has been inscribed but that he is called also' Eleutherios' Menander also shows.
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§ e36 Eleusinia: Hypereides in For Kallippos. To the victors at the Eleusinia a prize used to be given. The city was named Eleusis after Eleusinos son of Hermes. But others say that there were other reasons (for the name) and that the Eleusinia is just a festival.
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§ e37 Elikteres: a type of earrings: Lysias.
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§ e38 Elixos: one of the prominent men among the Megarians.
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§ e39 Hellanodikai: Hypereides in For Kallippos Against the Eleans. Aristotle in the Constitution of the Eleans, says that first the Eleans appointed one Hellanodikes, but, after time had passed, two, and finally nine. But Aristodemos the Elean says that the Hellanodikai who finally held the games were ten, one from each tribe.
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§ e40 Hellenotamiai: Andokides in On the Peace, if it is genuine. That the Hellenotamiai were an office who used to handle money, Aristotle also shows in the Constitution of the Athenians. And Thucydides also mentioned them in book 1.
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§ e41 Embeblemena (having been grafted): for'grafted on:' Demosthenes in Against Nikostratos. And Aristotle too says that such are grafted pears.
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§ e42 Embios (alive): Antiphon, On the Truth book one: “and the decay of the wood should become alive,” for'in a state of living,' that is,'it should live and should not be withered and die.'.
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§ e43 Embrachy: for'simply' and'in sum:' Antiphon.
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§ e44 Emmenoi dikai (monthly suits): the mercantile and eranos-related (suits): Demosthenes and Hypereides.
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§ e45 Empodon (in the way): Antiphon in On the Revolution: “and you punished those who were in your way” for'those who happened υpon (you),' as also Andokides in Against Alkibiades.
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§ e46 Empousa: Demosthenes, For Ktesiphon. They say that this is an apparition of Hekate, which appears to the ill-fated [Keaney: ὃ τοῖς δυστυχούσιν]. Comedy is full of the word.
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§ e47 Henai archai (former magistrates): Those that have gone by: Demosthenes Against Aristogeiton.
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§ e48 Endeixis: a type of public suit under which they used to accuse those who in accordance with the laws were barred from certain places or acts, if they did not keep themselves from them. There are many speeches of endeixis, and those Against Aristogeiton, by Demosthenes are most famous.
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§ e49 Endekazontas [On-the-tenth-ers]: instead of “eneortazontas” [people celebrating a festival], when they hold the festival on the tenth of the month, Demosthenes in the Against Theokrines.
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§ e50 En Diomeiois Herakleion (Herakles shrine in Diomeia ): Hypereides, Against Konon. The comic poets too mention the festival held for Herakles in Diomeia.
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§ e51 Enepiskemma kai enepiskepsasthai (a claim lodged against seized property and to lodge a claim against seized property): Demosthenes in Against Timotheus. Whenever a person's property was confiscated, it was possible for him who claimed to have been a creditor of this man to come forward and say that a debt was owed to him against the property. And there is a speech titled'by Demosthenes, Against Kritias concerning the claim lodged against seized property,' which Kallimachos records as genuine and Dionysios of Halikarnassos as falsely attributed.
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§ e52 Eneskeuasmenen (having been readied): Isaios in Against Aristogeiton and Archippos for'having been prepared' and'having been formed.'.
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§ e53 Enetimato (was valued among): Demosthenes in Against Spoudias.'Apetimato' (had valued / received as security) differs from'enetimato.' For whenever one receives an evaluation, in an amount of money, in reference to something it is called'apotimasthai' (to have something evaluated). But whenever one reckons some part of the money among certain types (of assets), it is said that “he has valued it among ('enetimesato').”.
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§ e54 Hene kai nea (old and new): Hypereides in Against Hygiainon. What is called by us the'thirtieth' (day) Athenians call'old and new,' from the fact that it encompasses the last (day) of the previous month and the first of the subsequent one. Polemon says that at one point Athenians called it'Demetrias' in honor of Demetrios the Macedonian. But they also call the (time) until the third (day),'the day after tomorrow' and'until the day after tomorrow.' And'henon' simply, when it is aspirated, means that which is prior and has passed by.
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§ e55 Enthrypta (crumbles): Demosthenes in For Ktesiphon. Didymos the grammatikos in his commentary on the speech, when he says that'crumbles' has a meaning that is transparent and intelligible from its very sound, posits a kind of overwrought explanation without parallel. The (crumbs) from pastries are'crumbles,' or foods that are crumbled into liquids. But some associate them with initiates. And also Apollo, among Athenians, (is called) Enthryptos.
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§ e56 En Limnais Dionysion (Dionysion in Lakes/Marshes): Isaios, On the Estate of Kiron. Limnai is a place in Athens in which the honorand is Dionysos.
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§ e57 Enneakrounon: [ Lysias ] Isokrates in On the Antidosis. A spring in Athens. It used to be called Kallirhoe.
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§ e58 Ennea hodoi (Nine Roads): Aeschines in the defense On the Embassy. A place in Thrace around Amphipolis.
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§ e59 En parabustoi (in a corner): for'secretly' and'not openly:' Hypereides in Against Archestratides.
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§ e60 Ensemainomenos (signalling): for'showing' and'exhibiting,' Isokrates.
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§ e61 En Phreatto: Demosthenes in Against Aristokrates has gone over the lawcourt in Phreatto with precision, saying thus, “Note, then yet another fifth lawcourt, which he has passed over, the one'in Phreatto.' For there, men of Athens, the law bids one undergo suits if one, after having gone into exile for involuntary homicide, and with those who cast him out not yet having been reconciled, is accused of another, willing homicide.” And after a bit he says, “He led those hearing the case to a place to which it was possible for that man to approach, having appointed a place in the territory called'in Phreatto,' by the sea. Next the one speaks, having sailed toward (shore) on a boat — not touching land — and the others listen and judge on land. And if he is convicted, he pays the rightful penalty for the willing homicides, but if he is acquitted he is released without penalty from that charge, but still endures the exile for the other homicide.” The lawcourt appears to have been named after a certain hero Phreattos, as Theophrastos says in book ten of the Laws.
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§ e62 Exagistos: For'very cursed' and'quite full of pollution.' Aischines in Against Ktesiphon has used the word applying to a certain harbor.
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§ e63 Exaireseos dike (action for removal): Whenever one led away someone on grounds that he was a slave, and then someone removed him on grounds that he was free, it was possible for the one who laid claim to the person on grounds that he was a slave to bring an action for removal against the one who removed him to freedom. Isaios in the removal to freedom For Eumathes.
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§ e64 Exarasasthai (to consecrate): Aischines, Against Ktesiphon: “because ( Athens ) dedicated golden shields at the new temple before consecrating it.” To complete the vows, that is the prayers that they were accustomed to make at the foundation of temples, is'to consecrate.'.
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§ e65 Exeggyesis (giving of bail): To free someone through presentation of sureties: Demosthenes in Against Timokrates.
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§ e66 Exenize (he was/spoke like a foreigner): Demosthenes in the appeal Against Euboulides: “For they have slandered my father, (saying) that he spoke like a foreigner.” Perhaps for'he was a foreigner,' and not, as Didymos says, for'he did not speak Attic, but foreign.'.
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§ e67 Exepremnizon (for they were digging out the stumps): for'they felled the stumps,' that is the trunks down to the roots, Demosthenes in On the Estate of Hagnias.
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§ e68 Exetazesthai (to be examined): for'to be observed:' Demosthenes, Against Stephanos. Also in Against Androtion he says “you were examined” for'you were seen,''you were observed.'.
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§ e69 Exegetes (expounder): Isaios in On the Estate of Kiron. He who expounds the sacred matters. There are also rites performed over the departed, which they used to expound for those who needed it. Also Demosthenes, in Against Euergos and Mnesiboulos, is clear, naming the expounders in the plural many times.
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§ e70 Exekestos: Proper name: Demosthenes Against Aristokrates.
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§ e71 Exorchesamenos: For'having fled' and'run away:' Demosthenes in Against Androtion said this while joking about the procession of the Dionysia.
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§ e72 Exoules (for ejectment): Name of a lawsuit which those claiming that they are being barred from their own property bring against those who are barring them. The word then is said after'exillein,' which is to thrust out and cast out. They also bring a suit for ejectment, in addition also to the fines, who do not receive back (their property) within the apropriate time limit, once the terms set by the judgment become overdue. Those convicted in a case for ejectment gave to the winner what they were depriving him of and paid the assessed (sum) to the treasury. Also bringing a suit for ejectment was the creditor, when he attempts to seize property from someone who is in debt to him and is prevented by someone. And if someone should be barred from cultivation, the law permits him to bring a suit for ejectment against the one who bars. And also concerning a slave and anything that one says he has a share in. Isaios illustrates this clearly, as does Lysias in Against Stratokles for ejectment. Deinarchos, however, in the diadikasia of the Krokonidai has used the word ejectment in a particular sense pertaining to the priestess who was unwilling to do her own duties. That the word is applied to anyone who is cast out of his own things, and not, as Kaikilios thinks, only to those who owe as a result of a judgment against them, Phrynichos also makes clear in the Poastriai.
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§ e73 Exomosia: to refuse a certain action with an oath, owing to illness or some other excuse, as Demosthenes makes clear in On the Embassy.
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§ e74 Epaggelia: It denotes other things as well, but it is said in a particular sense applying to those who accuse someone of addressing the assembly or taking part in government, though it is not permitted, and it is like a summons (paraggelia): Aischines, Against Timarchos.'Epaggelesthai' is said among them also for'to order' or'to demand,' as in Antiphon in On the Lindians' Tribute and in Demosthenes in On the Embassy.
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§ e75 Epaktos horkos (imposed oath): (An oath) that a person himself willingly imposes on himself, that is chooses. But others, by contrast, (say that it is) one that is imposed from elsewhere, but not chosen voluntarily. Lysias in Against Chairestratos and Isokrates the Apolloniate in the exhortations To Demonikos. There are three types of oath: an oath of abjuration, an oath of affirmation, and the so-called imposed oath. But this one is not simple: for it is necessary that the one being made to swear repeat with the same words the oath that is proposed by the one making him swear.
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§ e76 Epaktrokeles: Aischines in Against Timarchos. It is a type of ship possessing a hybrid construction, from a light vessel (epaktris) and a swift boat (keles). On the whole it was a pirate ship, as also Deinarchos (shows) in the dokimasia Against Polyeuktos.
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§ e77 Epallaxeis (interweavings): For'interchanges' or'minglings:' Antiphon, On Truth book one.

Via ToposText (topostext.org), a project of the Aikaterini Laskaridis Foundation created by Brady Kiesling. Translated by Harpokration Online. Composed ca. 150 CE. Licence: Creative Commons Attribution License. Source.