Harpokration, Lexicon of the Ten Orators

ToposText · Harpokration · 1,247 sections

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§ a200 Aporrexantes (having offered part of):'having apportioned,''having given a portion:' Isaios in the supporting speech For Nikias. It appears also in comedy.
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§ a201 Aporreta: Things not to be spoken in the laws. Demosthenes, For Ktesiphon. What things it was forbidden to say to each other, Lysias has shown in Against Theomnestos, if the speech is genuine.
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§ a202 Aporotatos: for'one to whom it is impossible to find access.' Isaios in his For Mnesaios' Daughter.
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§ a203 Aposaxanta: Deinarchos, for “having stopped up the hole and filled it.” [ Herodotus in book 6.].
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§ a204 Apostasiou (for departure): There is an action granted against freedmen to those who freed them, if they depart from them or register another as prostates (protector), and if they do not do what the laws bid; and those who are convicted must become slaves, while those who win (the case) shall be finally free thenceforth. It appears many times in the orators, in Lysias in Against Aristodemos and in Hyperides in Against Demetrias for Apostasiou. Aristotle in the Constitution of the Athenians, concerning the polemarch writes this: “he introduces cases for apostasiou and aprostasiou and for inheritances and epikleroi.”.
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§ a205 Apostesamenon: for'receiving for the scale:' Demosthenes in Against Timotheos.
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§ a206 Apostoleis (dispatchers): those appointed in charge of sending forth the triremes. Demosthenes, For Ktesiphon, and Philochoros in book 7. And dispatches (apostoloi) are the sending forth of the ships: the same orator in the first of the Philippics.
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§ a207 Apostrophen: for'refuge,' Demosthenes in the Philippics.
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§ a208 Apotaxis: separate assessment of those who had previously been assessed jointly with each other for payment of the designated tribute. Antiphon in On the Samothracians' Tribute.
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§ a209 Apotimetai kai apotimema kai apotiman kai ta ap' auton (evaluators and evaluated security and to evaluate and things derived therefrom): Those who lease the houses of orphans from the archon used to furnish securities for the lease, and it was necessary for the archon to send out individuals to evaluate the securities. Thus, the securities evaluated used to be called'evaluated securities' (apotimemata), and those sent to evaluate (were called)'evaluators' (apotimetai), and the action (was called)'to evaluate' (apotiman). People then were also accustomed, if her relatives should give a dowry to a woman when she was getting married, to request from her husband some security, as it were, worth the sum of the dowry, such as a house or land. The one who gave the'evaluated security' was said, in the active voice,'to give an evaluated security' (apotiman), and the one who received it (was said)'to have an evaluated security given to him.' The same principle applies also to other debts: Demosthenes in the second speech Against Onetor and Lysias in Against Diogenes on the lease of a house, if it is genuine.
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§ a210 Apotaphos: for'deprived of one's ancestral tombs;' Deinarchos in the impeachment Against Agasikles.
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§ a211 Apoteichisai: to cut off with a wall and shut out from exit. One who has been cut off and shut out by a wall is'walled off.' Antiphon in the defense against the public charge of Demosthenes, and Thucydides.
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§ a212 Apo tou pragmatos: for'far from it,' Demosthenes, Against Androtion.
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§ a213 Apophasis: to declare in writing, part by part, how much property one has, which happens especially in antidosis proceedings. Demosthenes in Against Phainippos many times. Once only he called the same thing'apographe' (declaration).
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§ a214 Apophoran (removal): For'take away and make a space between:' Isaios in Against the Orgeones, in which he says thus, “if in fact they determined with these removals of boundary stones that the land is another's.”.
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§ a215 Apopsephisontai: for'they condemn him to not be a citizen': Deinarchos in Against Archestratos. And Demosthenes calls the act'apopsephisis' (disfranchisement) in the appeal Against Euboulides.
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§ a216 Aprobouleuton: a decree that is not first brought to the Council but is introduced directly to the people. In Against Androtion a law is mentioned that shows this.
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§ a217 Aproskleton: (a suit) that has not been brought as a result of a summons, Hyperides in Against Athenogenes (II).
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§ a218 Aprostasiou (lack of prostates): a type of action against metics who do not have a prostates. For each used to select for himself someone from among the citizens to serve as prostates concerning all private and public matters. Hypereides in the second speech Against Aristagora for aprostasiou.
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§ a219 Aproton: Deinarchos in Against Pytheas: “when the orators jumped like aprotoi into the port.” Perhaps a scribal error, and one must write “like pirates.” And in some (copies) it has been written “like parnopes.” But parnopes are a type of locust.
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§ a220 Araphenios: Isaios in Against Elpagoras and Demophanes. It is a deme of the tribe Ageis.
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§ a221 Argas: Aischines On Restitution. It is more plausible to say that Dorians, particularly Argives, used to call a snake “argas”, as Achaios does in Adrastos. But Timachidas the Rhodian says that a snake was not called “argas” in their tongue, but that it was a kind of snake. It is likely, then, that Demosthenes was called a snake on account of his savagery since he sued his guardians over their guardianship. The same man also likens these sorts of people to snakes in Against Aristogeiton. In the Attic authors, however, it had been written as “harpax.” But some say that “argas” used to be an epithet for a snake.
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§ a222 Argoura: Demosthenes Against Meidias. It is a city of Euboia lying in the Chalkidic territory, as Aristotle the Chalkidian says in On Euboia.
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§ a223 Argyriotheke (money chest): Deinarchos in Against Proxenos for damages. There were two kinds of grammateidia which the Athenians used, some for writing something in them only, others also for depositing money, which they also used to call chests, and the others also (they used to call) diptychs.
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§ a224 Arguritis ge kai chrysitis: land which yields gold and silver when worked.
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§ a225 Argyrokopeion: Antiphon in Against Nikokles. Where coinage is struck. Which some now call a'mint.'.
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§ a226 Arginousai: islands lying off of Lesbos, named after a certain Arginos.
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§ a227 Argyroupous diphros (silver-footed stool): the one belonging to Xerxes, which was called'prisoner,' upon which he sat and observed the naval battle. This was set up in the Parthenon of Athena.
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§ a228 Argaios: Demosthenes in Against Aristokrates. Concerning this man Theopompos also says in book 1 of the Philippika, “they call Archelaos both Argaios and Pausanias.”.
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§ a229 Ariobarzanes: after having been appointed satrap of Phrygia, this man revolted from Artaxerxes, who, after having sent a force to make war on him and having overpowered him, crucified him.
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§ a230 Ardettos: Lysias in Against Elpine. A place at Athens above the Panathenaic stadium, by the deme of Agryle Hypenerthen. In this (place), they say, all Athenians used to swear publicly the heliastic oath. It was named after the ancient hero Ardettos, who first administered the oath to the Athenians. Theophrastos in his books On Laws shows that this custom had been dissolved.
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§ a231 Arete (virtue): For'good reputation;' Andokides and Thucydides, in book 1.
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§ a232 Arthmios: Proper name, a slave of a certain king.
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§ a233 Aristeus: This is also a proper name.
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§ a234 Aristylla: She was a sister of Aristogeiton.
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§ a235 Aristion: Hypereides, Against Demosthenes. This man is a Samian or a Plataian, as Diyllos says, and, from the age of a young man, a companion of Demosthenes, and he was sent by him to Hephaistion for sake of reconciliation, as Marsyas says in book five of On Alexander.
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§ a236 Arkteusai (to be a bear): Lysias in For Phrynichos' Daughter, if it is genuine; the consecration of girls, before marriage, to Artemis Mounychia or Brauronia. Things that point toward the preceding have been said by others and by Krateros in the Psephismata (Decrees). That maidens who play bear are called'arktoi' (bears), Euripides, in Hypsipyle, and Aristophanes, in the Lemnian Women and Lysistrata, (show).
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§ a237 Arktouros kai Arktophylax: the one named Bootes. Lysias in Against Philippos for guardianship, but in a special sense the star below its belt. Aratos and Hesiod, in the Works, show.
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§ a238 Arkyoros (netwatcher): Lykourgos in the impeachment against Menesaichmos. The one keeping watch on the nets, that is, the cords. All the cords related to hunting are'nets' (arkys). Xenophon in On Hunting, Kratinos in Thracian Women.
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§ a239 Harmostai: those sent by Lakedaimonians as rulers to subject cities, as Eratothenes says in On Good and Bad. Demosthenes, For Ktesiphon.
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§ a240 Arrephorein: Deinarchos, Against Pytheas. Four Arrephoroi used to be elected, according to good birth, and two were selected who began weaving the peplos and the other things concerning it. And they used to wear white clothing. And if they put on gold things, these became sacred.
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§ a241 Artemisia: Demosthenes on the Freedom of the Rhodians. There were two of these women, Carian by descent and both queens. The first was in the Persian Wars, and was the daughter of Lygdamis, whom Herodotus also mentions. The younger one, whom Demosthenes mentions, was the daughter of Hekatomnos and the wife and sister of Mausolos, whom Theopompos says died having been taken by a wasting sickness owing to grief for her dead brother and husband Mausolos.
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§ a242 Artemision: in a particular sense, the statue of Artemis: Hyperides, in Deliakos. A promontory of Euboia is also called by this name, as Demosthenes [does] in For Ktesiphon.
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§ a243 Arrybas: son of Alketas, and king of the Molossians. Demosthenes in the Philippics.
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§ a244 Archairesiazein: to think oneself worthy of being chosen for a magistracy. Deinarchos in Against Polyeuktos.
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§ a245 Archaios (archaically): Isokrates in the Panegyrikos: “to relate ancient matters in a newfangled way and to speak about recent events archaically.” Some say that it means'in an old-fashioned way,' that is, to use rather old-fashioned words. Ephoros in the first book of Histories explained in a way. He says that recent authors talk about ancient events in detail. “For where it concerns events that have happened in our time,” he says, “we consider those who speak most accurately most trustworthy, but where it concerns ancient affairs we think those who discourse this way most unworthy of trust, because we suspect that it is likely that neither all of the events nor the majority of the speeches are remembered to so great an extent.” Demosthenes in the Philippics says “they were so old-fashioned, or rather civic-minded” for'simple'.
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§ a246 Arche andra deiknusi (office reveals a man): Demosthenes in Rhetorical Preludes. Sophokles then, in the elegiacs, says that this is a saying of Solon, and Theophrastos, in On Proverbs, and Aristotle (say that it is a saying) of Bias.
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§ a247 Archen iasthai poly loion e teleuten (much better to heal a beginning than an end): Another proverb. And it shows that it is necessary rather to attempt to prevent terrible things when they are starting then when they are at their peak or completed.
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§ a248 Archidameios polemos ( Archidamian war ): Lysias in Against Androtion and Deinarchos, Against Pytheas for xenia. The first ten years of the Peloponnesian War were called the Archidameian War, as it seems, after Archidamos' invasion of Attika, as Thucydides and Ephoros and Anaximenes say.
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§ a249 Asemanta (unmarked): What are called by us'unsealed.' For they used to call seals'marks' (semeia): Hyperides in Against Antias.
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§ a250 Aspasia: Lysias in the speech against Aischines the Socratic, whose dialogue was titled Aspasia. And also mentioning her many times are the other Socratics as well, and Plato in the Menexenos says that Sokrates learned politics from her. She was by descent Milesian and skilled at speaking. They say that she was both teacher and, at the same time, a beloved of Perikles. She seems to have been the cause of two wars, the Samian and the Peloponnesian, as it is possible to learn from Douris of Samos and Theophrastos, from the fourth book of Politika, and from Aristophanes' Acharnians. Perikles seems also to have had from her his homonymous bastard son, Perikles, as Eupolis indicates in Demes. After she married the demagogue Lysikles, she had Poristes, as the Socratic Aischines says.
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§ a251 Astathmetotaton: concerning which no one could conjecture or estimate what at some point one has in mind or what one will do: Demosthenes in On the False Embassy.
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§ a252 Astikton chorion: that which was not hypothecated to a lender; for whenever it is hypothecated, the lender was accustomed to show this through documents that lay upon the site. The same thing also happens in the case of a dwelling. Lysias in the Against Aischines the Socratic.
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§ a253 Astrabe: the mule. Demosthenes in Against Meidias. And perhaps also any draught animal on which people ride was so called.
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§ a254 Astynomos: Demosthenes Against Timokrates. Aristotle in the Constitution of the Athenians says that the astynomoi were ten, five in Peiraieus, five in the city. He says that they took care concerning flute-girls and female harpists and dung collectors and such.
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§ a255 Asynthetotaton (most unbound by covenant): Demosthenes in On the False Embassy applied the word to a mob, or for'most untrustworthy' and'most unreliable' and'not making guarantees owing to unreliability', or'not agreeing' and'discordant.' For compacts are agreements. Or for'most unintelligent,' that is'most senseless. Or for one whom a person just could not comprehend what in the world he has in mind: Homer: “And you, take heed and listen to me.”.
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§ a256 Atarneus: a little town lying opposite from Lesbos; Isokrates in Panegyrikos, Herodotos in book 6.
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§ a257 Atechnos: pronounced with a circumflex on the last syllable for “clearly” or “certainly” or “surely” or “evidently”, and with an acute accent on the second to last syllable for “carelessly” and “without skill.”.
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§ a258 Atimetos agon kai timetos (suit without assessed penalty and with assessed penalty): A suit with assessed penalty is one for which a penalty does not lie defined in accordance with the laws, but it was necessary for the jurors to assess what (a convicted defendant) must suffer or pay. The suit without assessed penalty, by contrast, is one to which a penalty defined in accordance with the laws attached, so that the jurors were not required to choose an assessment. Aischines, Against Kteiphon; Demosthenes, Against Meidias.
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§ a259 Atimos (disfranchised/outlaw): Demosthenes applied this word in a special sense in the Philippics, that is to say, whomever one is not subject to penalty for having killed. For, talking about Arthmios, he says that the Athenians decreed that he was hostile and an enemy of the people of Athens and its allies, both himself and his kin, and that he be'atimos.' Next, he adduces it, as if explaining: “But this is not what a person would so call'atimia' (disfranchisement). For what was it to the man from Zeleia if he was to have no share in the common matters of the Athenians? But it has been written in the homicide laws, concerning whatever (the law/lawmaker) does not permit prosecution for homicide:'and as an outlaw' (atimos), it says,'let him be killed.' This in fact means that he who has killed any such man is to be free from pollution.”.
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§ a260 Atta: for'as many' or'whichever,' Antiphon in On the Lindians' Tribute; and for'some' or'some sort,' Demosthenes in the Philippics. But in some cases atta is redundant. ["Inquire when the swallow appears."].
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§ a261 Attes: Demosthenes, For Ktesiphon. Attes is particularly venerated by the Phrygians, as the attendant of the Mother of the Gods. Neanthes has written about him, but the account is mystic.
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§ a262 Attikois grammasin (in Attic letters): Demosthenes, Against Neaira, for'in ancient (letters).' For the alphabet of 24 letters was at some late date discovered among the Ionians. Theopompos in the 25th book of the Philippika says that the treaty with the barbarian was fabricated, which (he says) was inscribed on a stele not in Attic letters, but in those of the Ionians.
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§ a263 Authentes ('perpetrator'): Lysias in For Erathosthenes. In Against Isodomos he applied it in a special sense to the Thirty, who effected their homicides through others. For'perpetrator' always indicates the one who acts with his own hand.
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§ a264 Auleios: the house-door that is first from the road, as Menander shows.
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§ a265 Aulia: Lysias in Against Diodotos and Aischines, Against Ktesiphon, either for'farm buildings' or for'small courtyards.'.
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§ a266 Aulizomenoi: for'going to bed,' Antiphon in On Concord.
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§ a267 Autodikein: for'determining what is just for oneselves,' Deinarchos in Against Kleomedon.
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§ a268 Autokleides: Aischines, Against Timarchos: “Kedonides and Autokleides and Thersandros.” These were hardcore pederasts, as Aristogeiton also (says in) Against Timarchos.
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§ a269 Au: Demosthenes, for'again' in Against Aphobos 1.
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§ a270 Autolekythoi: Demosthenes in Against Konon. Either for'certain men being girt up and ready to do and to endure whatever,' or for'poor and possessing nothing besides lekythoi,' or'laborers,' or for'those ready for blows and as it were striking and whipping and doing violence.' Or it could mean those giving money readily and ready for intercourse. For they also used to keep money in their lekythoi. The word is also in Menander in Heniochos and Daktylios. That they used to keep money in lekythoi sometimes, Diphilos (shows) in Apobates. And that having broken the lekythos they used to use the thong for whipping, Menander (shows) in his Trophonios.
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§ a271 Autolykos: There is a speech of Lykourgos Against Autolykos the Areopagite. He was convicted of having removed his family to safety during the Chaironea events, and the jurors convicted him, as the same orator shows in Against Leokrates.
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§ a272 Automachein (to fight/plead for oneself): To go to court by oneself but not (assisted) by another, such as if one refers to a seller, one declares that the suit is against him; and if one furnishes a man who affirms by diamartyria that the suit is inadmissible, then he himself no longer contests, but the contest is with the one who affirmed by diamartyria. Lysias in Against Eukles for ejectment from property.
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§ a273 Autochthones ('native'): The Athenians. Demosthenes in On the False Embassy: “You alone of all are autochthonous.” Apollodoros in On Gods says that they were called autochthonous, since they were the first to work the land (chthon), that is, the earth, when it was idle. Others (say) that it was because they were not immigrants. Pindar and the author of the Danais say that Erichthonios and Hephaistos appeared out of the earth. The Arcadians were also autochthonous, as Hellanikos says, and the Aiginetans and Thebans.
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§ a274 Aphairesis (removal): Said in a special sense,'(removal) to freedom:' Hypereides in Against Aristagora.
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§ a275 Aphareus: this man was the son of Hippias, but was considered the son of Isokrates.
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§ a276 Aphanes ousia kai phanera (invisible and visible wealth): The invisible kind is in money and slaves and equipment, but the visible kind is in land: Lysias in Against Hippotherses.
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§ a277 Apheis kai apallaxas (having released and discharged): “Released” whenever one lets another off from the charges which he was bringing against him, but “discharged” whenever one persuades the one making the charge to withdraw and charge him no longer: Demosthenes in the counter-suit For Phormio. It is also possible to put it this way: that one releases (a person) only from the things that one charges, while one discharges, whenever one reserves for oneself no further argument against the one charged. Demosthenes in the countersuit For Phormio: “in order that he may have from you a valid discharge.”.
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§ a278 Apheis ten hyperan ton poda diokei (letting go of the brace he chases the sheets): Hyperides in On the Salt Fish (I). A proverb applying to those who let go of the more important things and waste time on the trivial things. Braces are ships' ropes, with which the boom is shifted.
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§ a279 Aph' Hestias myeisthai (to be initiated from the Hearth/ Hestia ): Isaios in Against Kalydon. A man'initiated from the Hearth' was an Athenian in any case. And having obtained this by lot, he was initiated.
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§ a280 Aphorme (beginning): Whenever one gives money on deposit, it is called'starting capital,' in a special sense among the Attic orators.
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§ a281 Aphosio (I dedicate): for'I purify,''I consecrate:' Aischines, Against Ktesiphon. Isaios said, in Against Hermon, that to do something not perfectly but, as it were, for form's sake, was to'do it perfunctorily.'.
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§ a282 Aphrodision: in a special sense the seat of Aphrodite.
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§ a283 Aphyas: Hyperides, Against Aristagora. It is also a name of two women hetairai, sisters.
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§ a284 Axaristein: for'not showing gratitude.' So Antiphon.
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§ b1 Balbisin (at the starting lines): Antiphon, On Concord, for'at the beginnings.' Said after (i.e. taken from) runners. For the line that is under the hysplex (starting gate) — on account of the fact that the runners set foot upon it — is called the balbis.
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§ b2 Barathron (pit): A ditch into which they used to cast those who were condemned to death. Demosthenes in the Philippics says this not properly, but by way of metaphor, as if to say,'in a state of ruin.'.
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§ b3 Basanos (touchstone / torture): Antiphon. So called is the stone on which gold is tested by being rubbed against it. Hypereides in Against Antias called things that were said during torture by those being tortured, and copied down, basanoi (testimony under torture).
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§ b4 Royal race: the race that took place in the presence of the king, who is one of the nine magistrates at Athens, appears to be called the royal race. Deinarchos, Against Pytheas.
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§ b5 Basileos stoa ( Royal Stoa ): Demosthenes in Against Aristogeiton I. There are two stoas beside each other, that of Zeus Eleutherios and the Royal. There is also a third, previously called Peisianax's Stoa, but renamed the Stoa Poikile.
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§ b6 Baskainei (maligns): for'accuses' and'blames' and'accuses maliciously:' Demosthenes in For Ktesiphon. And in this passage, “no administrative measure of mine is slanderous and bitter and wicked;” for'accusation-loving' and'malicious.'.
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§ b7 Basanisas (having tested): For'having approved:' Deinarchos in Against Proxenos. The word is common with this meaning in Attic authors.
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§ b8 Batalos: Aischines in On the False Embassy. He is ridiculed in comedy for effeminacy. Eupolis calls the anus'batalos.' Perhaps, then, it's from this that they call kinaidoi'bataloi.'.
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§ b9 Baubo: a woman's name.
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§ b10 Bebaioseos (for warranty): Is a name for an action that those who have purchased something bring against him who has sold it, if a third party has a dispute over the item sold, and the latter (i.e. the seller) does not warrant it. And sometimes, also when earnest money alone has been given and the one who has sold disputed (the transaction), then the one who gave the earnest money used to bring the action for warranty against the one who received it. Lysias in two speeches.
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§ b11 Besaies (men from Besa ): Lysias in the defense Against Philocrates over a contract: Besa is a deme of the tribe Antiochis.
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§ b12 Biaion (for violence): Name of an action against those who do something by force. The one who is convicted pays a fine to the treasury equal to the amount [that he pays] to the victor. Demosthenes, Against Meidias. There are also speeches for violence circulating in the Lysiac corpus. And it is clear that neither the word nor the action was used only in the case of the corruption of virgins, but also for other (wrongs).
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§ b13 Blimazein (to squeeze): to press with the hands. Also to press honeycombs is called'blisai' (to take honey).
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§ b14 Boedromia: Demosthenes in the Philippics. A festival so called at Athens, which Philochoros in book two says was celebrated since Ion son of Xouthos, with great zeal, helped Athenians when war was waged against them by Eumolpos son of Poseidon, when Erechtheus was king. For to'bring help' (boethein) was called'boedromein' (hasten to help), that is, to rush into battle.
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§ b15 Bothynos: in a special sense, a place so called on the Sacred Way. Isaios mentions the place in Against Hermon concerning a surety as does Kallisthenes.

Via ToposText (topostext.org), a project of the Aikaterini Laskaridis Foundation created by Brady Kiesling. Translated by Harpokration Online. Composed ca. 150 CE. Licence: Creative Commons Attribution License. Source.