Theravāda Vinaya — Mahāvibhaṅga — Saṅghādisesakaṇḍa
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Theravāda Vinaya
Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law
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Mahāvibhaṅga
The Great Analysis
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Saṅghādisesakaṇḍa
The chapter on offenses entailing suspension
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6. Kuṭikārasikkhāpada
6. Building a hut inappropriately
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Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe.
At one time the Buddha was staying at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrel sanctuary.
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Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū saññācikāyo kuṭiyo kārāpenti assāmikāyo attuddesikāyo appamāṇikāyo.
At that time the monks of Āḷavī were building huts by means of begging. The huts were intended for themselves, did not have a sponsoring owner, and were inappropriately large.
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Tāyo na niṭṭhānaṁ gacchanti.
And since they were never finished,
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Te yācanabahulā viññattibahulā viharanti—
the monks kept on begging and asking,
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“purisaṁ detha, purisatthakaraṁ detha, goṇaṁ detha, sakaṭaṁ detha, vāsiṁ detha, parasuṁ detha, kuṭhāriṁ detha, kudālaṁ detha, nikhādanaṁ detha, valliṁ detha, veḷuṁ detha, muñjaṁ detha, pabbajaṁ detha, tiṇaṁ detha, mattikaṁ dethā”ti.
“Please give a man, a servant, an ox, a cart, a machete, a hatchet, an ax, a spade, a chisel; give creepers, bamboo, reeds, grass, clay.”
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Manussā upaddutā yācanāya upaddutā viññattiyā bhikkhū disvā ubbijjantipi uttasantipi palāyantipi aññenapi gacchanti aññenapi mukhaṁ karonti dvārampi thakenti,
People felt oppressed by all the begging and asking, so much so that when they saw a monk they became alarmed and fearful. They turned away, took a different path, ran off, and closed their doors.
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gāvimpi disvā palāyanti bhikkhūti maññamānā.
They even ran away when they saw cows, thinking they were monks.
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Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo rājagahe vassaṁvuṭṭho yena āḷavī tena pakkāmi.
Just then Venerable Mahākassapa, after completing the rainy-season residence at Rājagaha, set out for Āḷavī.
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Anupubbena yena āḷavī tadavasari.
When he eventually arrived,
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Tatra sudaṁ āyasmā mahākassapo āḷaviyaṁ viharati aggāḷave cetiye.
he stayed at the Aggāḷava Shrine.
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Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya āḷaviṁ piṇḍāya pāvisi.
One morning he robed up, took his bowl and robe, and entered Āḷavī for alms.
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Manussā āyasmantaṁ mahākassapaṁ passitvā ubbijjantipi uttasantipi palāyantipi aññenapi gacchanti aññenapi mukhaṁ karonti dvārampi thakenti.
When people saw him, they became alarmed and fearful. They turned away, took a different path, ran off, and closed their doors.
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Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āḷaviyaṁ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṁ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto bhikkhū āmantesi—
Then, when Venerable Mahākassapa had eaten his meal and returned from almsround, he said to the monks:
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“pubbāyaṁ, āvuso, āḷavī subhikkhā ahosi sulabhapiṇḍā sukarā uñchena paggahena yāpetuṁ;
“There used to be plenty of almsfood in Āḷavī, and it was easy to get by on alms.
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etarahi panāyaṁ āḷavī dubbhikkhā dullabhapiṇḍā, na sukarā uñchena paggahena yāpetuṁ.
But now there’s a shortage, and it’s hard to get by.
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Ko nu kho, āvuso, hetu ko paccayo, yenāyaṁ āḷavī dubbhikkhā dullabhapiṇḍā, na sukarā uñchena paggahena yāpetun”ti?
Why is that?”
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Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahākassapassa etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
The monks told Venerable Mahākassapa what had happened.
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Atha kho bhagavā rājagahe yathābhirantaṁ viharitvā yena āḷavī tena cārikaṁ pakkāmi.
Soon afterwards the Buddha too set out wandering toward Āḷavī after staying at Rājagaha for as long as he liked.
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Anupubbena cārikaṁ caramāno yena āḷavī tadavasari.
When he eventually arrived,
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Tatra sudaṁ bhagavā āḷaviyaṁ viharati aggāḷave cetiye.
he too stayed at the Aggāḷava Shrine.
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Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.
Venerable Mahākassapa then went to see the Buddha, bowed, sat down,
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Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā mahākassapo bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesi.
and told him what had happened.
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Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṁ sannipātāpetvā āḷavake bhikkhū paṭipucchi—
The Buddha had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks of Āḷavī:
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“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, saññācikāyo kuṭiyo kārāpetha assāmikāyo attuddesikāyo appamāṇikāyo.
“Is it true, monks, that this is happening?”
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Tāyo na niṭṭhānaṁ gacchanti.
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Te tumhe yācanabahulā viññattibahulā viharatha—
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‘purisaṁ detha purisatthakaraṁ detha …pe… tiṇaṁ detha mattikaṁ dethā’ti.
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Manussā upaddutā yācanāya upaddutā viññattiyā bhikkhū disvā ubbijjantipi uttasantipi palāyantipi aññenapi gacchanti aññenapi mukhaṁ karonti dvārampi thakenti, gāvimpi disvā palāyanti bhikkhūti maññamānā”ti?
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“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, sir.”
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Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked them …
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kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, saṁyācikāyo kuṭiyo kārāpessatha assāmikāyo attuddesikāyo appamāṇikāyo.
“Foolish men, how can you act like this?
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Tāyo na niṭṭhānaṁ gacchanti.
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Te tumhe yācanabahulā viññattibahulā viharissatha—
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“purisaṁ detha purisatthakaraṁ detha …pe… tiṇaṁ detha mattikaṁ dethā”ti.
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Netaṁ moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …”
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vigarahitvā dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
After rebuking them, he gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
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“Bhūtapubbaṁ, bhikkhave, dve bhātaro isayo gaṅgaṁ nadiṁ upanissāya vihariṁsu.
“Once upon a time, monks, two sages who were brothers lived near the river Ganges.
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Atha kho, bhikkhave, maṇikaṇṭho nāgarājā gaṅgaṁ nadiṁ uttaritvā yena kaniṭṭho isi tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā kaniṭṭhaṁ isiṁ sattakkhattuṁ bhogehi parikkhipitvā uparimuddhani mahantaṁ phaṇaṁ karitvā aṭṭhāsi.
On one occasion the dragon king Maṇikaṇṭha emerged from the Ganges and went up to the younger sage. He encircled him with seven coils and spread his large hood over his head.
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Atha kho, bhikkhave, kaniṭṭho isi tassa nāgassa bhayā kiso ahosi lūkho dubbaṇṇo uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajāto dhamanisanthatagatto.
Then, because of his fear of that dragon, the younger sage became thin, haggard, and pale, with veins protruding all over his body.
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Addasa kho, bhikkhave, jeṭṭho isi kaniṭṭhaṁ isiṁ kisaṁ lūkhaṁ dubbaṇṇaṁ uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajātaṁ dhamanisanthatagattaṁ.
The older sage saw him like this
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Disvāna kaniṭṭhaṁ isiṁ etadavoca—
and asked him what was the matter.
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‘kissa tvaṁ, bho, kiso lūkho dubbaṇṇo uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajāto dhamanisanthatagatto’ti?
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‘Idha, bho, maṇikaṇṭho nāgarājā gaṅgaṁ nadiṁ uttaritvā yenāhaṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā maṁ sattakkhattuṁ bhogehi parikkhipitvā uparimuddhani mahantaṁ phaṇaṁ karitvā aṭṭhāsi.
The younger sage told him.
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Tassāhaṁ, bho, nāgassa bhayā kiso lūkho dubbaṇṇo uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajāto dhamanisanthatagatto’ti.
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‘Icchasi pana tvaṁ, bho, tassa nāgassa anāgamanan’ti?
The elder sage said, ‘So, do you want that dragon to stay away?’
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‘Icchāmahaṁ, bho, tassa nāgassa anāgamanan’ti.
‘Yes.’
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‘Api pana tvaṁ, bho, tassa nāgassa kiñci passasī’ti?
‘Well then, did you see anything belonging to that dragon?’
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‘Passāmahaṁ, bho, maṇimassa kaṇṭhe pilandhanan’ti.
‘I saw an ornamental gem on his neck.’
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‘Tena hi tvaṁ, bho, taṁ nāgaṁ maṇiṁ yāca—
‘In that case, ask the dragon for that gem.’
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“maṇiṁ me, bho, dehi;
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maṇinā me attho”’ti.
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Atha kho, bhikkhave, maṇikaṇṭho nāgarājā gaṅgaṁ nadiṁ uttaritvā yena kaniṭṭho isi tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi.
Soon the dragon king again emerged from the Ganges and went up to the younger sage.
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Ekamantaṁ ṭhitaṁ kho, bhikkhave, maṇikaṇṭhaṁ nāgarājānaṁ kaniṭṭho isi etadavoca—
And the sage said to him,
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‘maṇiṁ me, bho, dehi;
‘Sir, give me the gem.
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maṇinā me attho’ti.
I want the gem.’
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Atha kho, bhikkhave, maṇikaṇṭho nāgarājā—
The dragon thought,
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‘bhikkhu maṇiṁ yācati, bhikkhussa maṇinā attho’ti khippaññeva agamāsi.
‘The monk is asking for the gem; he wants the gem,’ and he left in a hurry.
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Dutiyampi kho, bhikkhave, maṇikaṇṭho nāgarājā gaṅgaṁ nadiṁ uttaritvā yena kaniṭṭho isi tenupasaṅkami.
Once more the dragon king emerged from the Ganges and approached the younger sage.
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Addasa kho, bhikkhave, kaniṭṭho isi maṇikaṇṭhaṁ nāgarājānaṁ dūratova āgacchantaṁ.
The sage saw him coming
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Disvāna maṇikaṇṭhaṁ nāgarājānaṁ etadavoca—
and said to him,
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‘maṇiṁ me, bho, dehi;
‘Sir, give me the gem.
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maṇinā me attho’ti.
I want the gem.’
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Atha kho, bhikkhave, maṇikaṇṭho nāgarājā—
When the dragon heard him,
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‘bhikkhu maṇiṁ yācati, bhikkhussa maṇinā attho’ti tatova paṭinivatti.
he turned around right there.
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Tatiyampi kho, bhikkhave, maṇikaṇṭho nāgarājā gaṅgaṁ nadiṁ uttarati.
Yet again the dragon king emerged from the Ganges.
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Addasa kho, bhikkhave, kaniṭṭho isi maṇikaṇṭhaṁ nāgarājānaṁ gaṅgaṁ nadiṁ uttarantaṁ.
The younger sage saw him emerging
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Disvāna maṇikaṇṭhaṁ nāgarājānaṁ etadavoca—
and said to him,
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‘maṇiṁ me, bho, dehi;
‘Sir, give me the gem.
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maṇinā me attho’ti.
I want the gem.’
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Atha kho, bhikkhave, maṇikaṇṭho nāgarājā kaniṭṭhaṁ isiṁ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi—
The dragon king then spoke these verses to the sage:
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‘Mamannapānaṁ vipulaṁ uḷāraṁ,
‘My food and drink are abundant and sublime,
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Uppajjatīmassa maṇissa hetu;
And they appear because of this gem.
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Taṁ te na dassaṁ atiyācakosi,
I won’t give it to you—you ask too much—
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Na cāpi te assamamāgamissaṁ.
Nor will I return to your hermitage.
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Susū yathā sakkharadhotapāṇī,
Like a youth holding a sword polished on a rock,
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Tāsesi maṁ selamāyācamāno;
You frighten me, asking for this gem.
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Taṁ te na dassaṁ atiyācakosi,
I won’t give it to you—you ask too much—
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Na cāpi te assamamāgamissan’ti.
Nor will I return to your hermitage.’
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Atha kho, bhikkhave, maṇikaṇṭho nāgarājā—
And the dragon king Maṇikaṇṭha thought,
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‘bhikkhu maṇiṁ yācati, bhikkhussa maṇinā attho’ti pakkāmi.
‘The monk is asking for the gem; he wants the gem,’
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Tathā pakkantova ahosi, na puna paccāgañchi.
and he left and never returned.
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Atha kho, bhikkhave, kaniṭṭho isi tassa nāgassa dassanīyassa adassanena bhiyyoso mattāya kiso ahosi lūkho dubbaṇṇo, uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajāto dhamanisanthatagatto.
Because he did not get to see that beautiful dragon, the young sage became even thinner, more haggard and pale, his veins protruding even more.
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Addasa kho, bhikkhave, jeṭṭho isi kaniṭṭhaṁ isiṁ bhiyyoso mattāya kisaṁ lūkhaṁ dubbaṇṇaṁ uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajātaṁ dhamanisanthatagattaṁ.
The older sage saw him like this
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Disvāna kaniṭṭhaṁ isiṁ etadavoca—
and asked what was the matter.
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‘kissa tvaṁ, bho, bhiyyoso mattāya kiso lūkho dubbaṇṇo uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajāto dhamanisanthatagatto’ti?
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‘Tassāhaṁ, bho, nāgassa dassanīyassa adassanena bhiyyoso mattāya kiso lūkho dubbaṇṇo uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajāto dhamanisanthatagatto’ti.
He replied, ‘It’s because I no longer get to see that beautiful dragon.’
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Atha kho, bhikkhave, jeṭṭho isi kaniṭṭhaṁ isiṁ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi—
The older sage then spoke to him in verse:
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‘Na taṁ yāce yassapiyaṁ jigīse,
‘One shouldn’t beg from those one wishes to be dear to;
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Videsso hoti atiyācanāya;
One is detested for asking for too much.
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Nāgo maṇiṁ yācito brāhmaṇena,
When the brahmin asked the dragon for his gem,
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Adassanaññeva tadajjhagamā’ti.
It left and was never to be seen again.’
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Tesañhi nāma, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatānaṁ pāṇānaṁ amanāpā bhavissati yācanā amanāpā viññatti.
One will be disliked even by animals, monks, for begging and asking,
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Kimaṅgaṁ pana manussabhūtānaṁ.
let alone by human beings.”
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Bhūtapubbaṁ, bhikkhave, aññataro bhikkhu himavantapasse viharati aññatarasmiṁ vanasaṇḍe.
“At one time, monks, a certain monk lived in a forest grove on the slopes of the Himalayas.
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Tassa kho, bhikkhave, vanasaṇḍassa avidūre mahantaṁ ninnaṁ pallalaṁ.
Not far from that grove was a large, low-lying marsh.
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Atha kho, bhikkhave, mahāsakuṇasaṅgho tasmiṁ pallale divasaṁ gocaraṁ caritvā sāyaṁ taṁ vanasaṇḍaṁ vāsāya upagacchati.
A great flock of birds fed in the marsh during the day and entered the grove to roost at night.
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