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Dvemātikāpāḷi — Theravāda Bhikkhupātimokkha

Early Buddhist texts (SuttaCentral): Vinaya · Bhikkhu Brahmali · vinaya · 754 sections

  1. pli-tv-bu-pm:115.0

    Pācittiya 50. Uyyodhika

    Confession 50: seeing an army in action

  2. pli-tv-bu-pm:115.1

    Dirattatirattaṁ ce bhikkhu senāya vasamāno uyyodhikaṁ vā balaggaṁ vā senābyūhaṁ vā anīkadassanaṁ vā gaccheyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk who is staying with an army for two or three nights goes to a battle, a troop review, a massing of the army, or a troop inspection, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  3. pli-tv-bu-pm:115.2

    Acelakavaggo pañcamo

    The fifth subchapter on naked ascetics is finished.

  4. pli-tv-bu-pm:116.0.1

    Chapter 6. Surāpāna

    The subchapter on drinking alcohol

  5. pli-tv-bu-pm:116.0.2

    Pācittiya 51. Surāpāna

    Confession 51: drinking alcohol

  6. pli-tv-bu-pm:116.1

    Surāmerayapāne pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk drinks this or that kind of alcoholic drink, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  7. pli-tv-bu-pm:117.0

    Pācittiya 52. Aṅgulipatodaka

    Confession 52: tickling

  8. pli-tv-bu-pm:117.1

    Aṅgulipatodake pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk tickles someone, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  9. pli-tv-bu-pm:118.0

    Pācittiya 53. Hasadhamma

    Confession 53: playing in water

  10. pli-tv-bu-pm:118.1

    Udake hasadhamme pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk plays in water, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  11. pli-tv-bu-pm:119.0

    Pācittiya 54. Anādariya

    Confession 54: disrespect

  12. pli-tv-bu-pm:119.1

    Anādariye pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk is disrespectful, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  13. pli-tv-bu-pm:120.0

    Pācittiya 55. Bhiṁsāpana

    Confession 55: scaring a monk

  14. pli-tv-bu-pm:120.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ bhiṁsāpeyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk scares a monk, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  15. pli-tv-bu-pm:121.0

    Pācittiya 56. Joti

    Confession 56: lighting a fire

  16. pli-tv-bu-pm:121.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu agilāno visibbanāpekkho jotiṁ samādaheyya vā samādahāpeyya vā aññatra tathārūpappaccayā, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk who is not sick lights a fire to warm himself, or has one lit, except if there is a suitable reason, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  17. pli-tv-bu-pm:122.0

    Pācittiya 57. Nahāna

    Confession 57: bathing too often

  18. pli-tv-bu-pm:122.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyeyya aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk bathes at intervals of less than a half-month, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  19. pli-tv-bu-pm:122.2

    Tatthāyaṁ samayo “diyaḍḍho māso seso gimhāna”nti “vassānassa paṭhamo māso” iccete aḍḍhateyyamāsā uṇhasamayo, pariḷāhasamayo, gilānasamayo, kammasamayo, addhānagamanasamayo, vātavuṭṭhisamayo, ayaṁ tattha samayo.

    These are the appropriate occasions: it is the two-and-a-half-month period of summer and the fever season, comprising the last one-and-a-half months of summer and the first month of the rainy season; he is sick; he is working; he is traveling; there is wind and rain.

  20. pli-tv-bu-pm:123.0

    Pācittiya 58. Dubbaṇṇakaraṇa

    Confession 58: not making stains on a new robe

  21. pli-tv-bu-pm:123.1

    Navaṁ pana bhikkhunā cīvaralābhena tiṇṇaṁ dubbaṇṇakaraṇānaṁ aññataraṁ dubbaṇṇakaraṇaṁ ādātabbaṁ nīlaṁ vā kaddamaṁ vā kāḷasāmaṁ vā. Anādā ce bhikkhu tiṇṇaṁ dubbaṇṇakaraṇānaṁ aññataraṁ dubbaṇṇakaraṇaṁ navaṁ cīvaraṁ paribhuñjeyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    When a monk gets a new robe, he should apply one of three kinds of stains: blue-green, mud color, or dark brown. If a monk uses a new robe without applying any of the three kinds of stains, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  22. pli-tv-bu-pm:124.0

    Pācittiya 59. Vikappana

    Confession 59: using assigned property that has not been relinquished

  23. pli-tv-bu-pm:124.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā sikkhamānāya vā sāmaṇerassa vā sāmaṇeriyā vā sāmaṁ cīvaraṁ vikappetvā appaccuddhāraṇaṁ paribhuñjeyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk himself assigns the ownership of a robe to a monk, a nun, a trainee nun, a novice monk, or a novice nun, and he then uses it without the other first relinquishing it, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  24. pli-tv-bu-pm:125.0

    Pācittiya 60. Apanidhāna

    Confession 60: hiding a robe

  25. pli-tv-bu-pm:125.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhussa pattaṁ vā cīvaraṁ vā nisīdanaṁ vā sūcigharaṁ vā kāyabandhanaṁ vā apanidheyya vā apanidhāpeyya vā antamaso hasāpekkhopi, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk hides a monk’s bowl, robe, sitting mat, needle case, or belt, or he has it hidden, even just for a laugh, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  26. pli-tv-bu-pm:125.2

    Surāpānavaggo chaṭṭho

    The sixth subchapter on drinking alcohol is finished.

  27. pli-tv-bu-pm:126.0.1

    Chapter 7. Sappāṇa

    The subchapter on containing living beings

  28. pli-tv-bu-pm:126.0.2

    Pācittiya 61. Sañcicca

    Confession 61: intentionally killing a living being

  29. pli-tv-bu-pm:126.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu sañcicca pāṇaṁ jīvitā voropeyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk intentionally kills a living being, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  30. pli-tv-bu-pm:127.0

    Pācittiya 62. Sappāṇaka

    Confession 62: using water with living beings in it

  31. pli-tv-bu-pm:127.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṁ sappāṇakaṁ udakaṁ paribhuñjeyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk uses water that he knows contains living beings, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  32. pli-tv-bu-pm:128.0

    Pācittiya 63. Ukkoṭana

    Confession 63: reopening a settled legal issue

  33. pli-tv-bu-pm:128.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṁ yathādhammaṁ nihatādhikaraṇaṁ punakammāya ukkoṭeyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk reopens a legal issue that he knows has been legitimately settled, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  34. pli-tv-bu-pm:129.0

    Pācittiya 64. Duṭṭhulla

    Confession 64: concealing a grave offense

  35. pli-tv-bu-pm:129.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhussa jānaṁ duṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ paṭicchādeyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk knowingly conceals a monk’s grave offense, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  36. pli-tv-bu-pm:130.0

    Pācittiya 65. Ūnavīsativassa

    Confession 65: ordaining a person under twenty

  37. pli-tv-bu-pm:130.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṁ ūnavīsativassaṁ puggalaṁ upasampādeyya, so ca puggalo anupasampanno, te ca bhikkhū gārayhā, idaṁ tasmiṁ pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk gives the full ordination to a person he knows is less than twenty years old, he commits an offense entailing confession. Moreover, that person has not received the full ordination and those monks are blameworthy.

  38. pli-tv-bu-pm:131.0

    Pācittiya 66. Theyyasattha

    Confession 66: traveling with thieves

  39. pli-tv-bu-pm:131.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṁ theyyasatthena saddhiṁ saṁvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṁ paṭipajjeyya antamaso gāmantarampi, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk knowingly travels by arrangement with a group of thieves, even just to the next inhabited area, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  40. pli-tv-bu-pm:132.0

    Pācittiya 67. Saṁvidhāna

    Confession 67: traveling with a woman

  41. pli-tv-bu-pm:132.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu mātugāmena saddhiṁ saṁvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṁ paṭipajjeyya antamaso gāmantarampi, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk travels by arrangement with a woman, even just to the next inhabited area, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  42. pli-tv-bu-pm:133.0

    Pācittiya 68. Ariṭṭha

    Confession 68: not giving up a bad view

  43. pli-tv-bu-pm:133.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu evaṁ vadeyya

    If a monk says,

  44. pli-tv-bu-pm:133.2

    “tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā”ti,

    ‘As I understand the Buddha’s Teaching, the things he calls obstacles are unable to obstruct one who indulges in them,’

  45. pli-tv-bu-pm:133.3

    so bhikkhu bhikkhūhi evamassa vacanīyo

    then the monks should correct him like this:

  46. pli-tv-bu-pm:133.4

    “māyasmā evaṁ avaca, mā bhagavantaṁ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṁ, na hi bhagavā evaṁ vadeyya,

    ‘No, venerable, don’t misrepresent the Buddha, for it’s not good to misrepresent the Buddha. The Buddha would never say such a thing.

  47. pli-tv-bu-pm:133.5

    anekapariyāyenāvuso antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā bhagavatā, alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāyā”ti.

    In many discourses the Buddha has declared the obstacles to be obstructive and how they obstruct one who indulges in them.’

  48. pli-tv-bu-pm:133.6

    Evañca so bhikkhu bhikkhūhi vuccamāno tatheva paggaṇheyya, so bhikkhu bhikkhūhi yāvatatiyaṁ samanubhāsitabbo tassa paṭinissaggāya.

    If that monk continues as before, the monks should press him up to three times to make him give up that view.

  49. pli-tv-bu-pm:133.7

    Yāvatatiyañce samanubhāsiyamāno taṁ paṭinissajjeyya, iccetaṁ kusalaṁ.

    If he then gives it up, all is well.

  50. pli-tv-bu-pm:133.8

    No ce paṭinissajjeyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    If he does not, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  51. pli-tv-bu-pm:134.0

    Pācittiya 69. Ukkhittasambhoga

    Confession 69: living with an ejected monk

  52. pli-tv-bu-pm:134.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṁ tathāvādinā bhikkhunā akaṭānudhammena taṁ diṭṭhiṁ appaṭinissaṭṭhena saddhiṁ sambhuñjeyya vā, saṁvaseyya vā, saha vā seyyaṁ kappeyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk lives, does formal meetings, or shares a sleeping place with a monk who he knows is saying such things, who has not made amends according to the rule, and who has not given up that view, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  53. pli-tv-bu-pm:135.0

    Pācittiya 70. Kaṇṭaka

    Confession 70: supporting a novice monk with a bad view

  54. pli-tv-bu-pm:135.1

    Samaṇuddesopi ce evaṁ vadeyya

    Also if a novice monastic says,

  55. pli-tv-bu-pm:135.2

    “tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā”ti,

    ‘As I understand the Buddha’s Teaching, the things he calls obstacles are unable to obstruct one who indulges in them,’

  56. pli-tv-bu-pm:135.3

    so samaṇuddeso bhikkhūhi evamassa vacanīyo

    then the monks should correct him like this:

  57. pli-tv-bu-pm:135.4

    “māvuso, samaṇuddesa evaṁ avaca, mā bhagavantaṁ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṁ, na hi bhagavā evaṁ vadeyya,

    ‘No, don’t misrepresent the Buddha, for it’s not good to misrepresent the Buddha. The Buddha would never say such a thing.

  58. pli-tv-bu-pm:135.5

    anekapariyāyenāvuso, samaṇuddesa antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā bhagavatā, alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāyā”ti,

    In many discourses the Buddha has declared the obstacles to be obstructive and how they obstruct one who indulges in them.’

  59. pli-tv-bu-pm:135.6

    evañca so samaṇuddeso bhikkhūhi vuccamāno tatheva paggaṇheyya, so samaṇuddeso bhikkhūhi evamassa vacanīyo

    If that novice monastic continues as before, he should be told:

  60. pli-tv-bu-pm:135.7

    “ajjatagge te, āvuso, samaṇuddesa na ceva so bhagavā satthā apadisitabbo,

    ‘From today on you may not refer to the Buddha as your teacher.

  61. pli-tv-bu-pm:135.8

    yampi caññe samaṇuddesā labhanti bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ dirattatirattaṁ sahaseyyaṁ, sāpi te natthi,

    And, unlike other novices, you can no longer share a sleeping place with the monks for two or three nights.

  62. pli-tv-bu-pm:135.9

    cara pire, vinassā”ti.

    Go! Away with you!’

  63. pli-tv-bu-pm:135.10

    Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṁ tathānāsitaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ upalāpeyya vā, upaṭṭhāpeyya vā, sambhuñjeyya vā, saha vā seyyaṁ kappeyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk befriends that novice monastic, or he is attended on by him, lives with him, or shares a sleeping place with him, even though he knows that he has been expelled in this way, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  64. pli-tv-bu-pm:135.11

    Sappāṇakavaggo sattamo

    The seventh subchapter on containing living beings is finished.

  65. pli-tv-bu-pm:136.0.1

    Chapter 8. Sahadhammika

    The subchapter on legitimate correction

  66. pli-tv-bu-pm:136.0.2

    Pācittiya 71. Sahadhammika

    Confession 71: not accepting legitimate correction

  67. pli-tv-bu-pm:136.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhūhi sahadhammikaṁ vuccamāno evaṁ vadeyya “na tāvāhaṁ, āvuso, etasmiṁ sikkhāpade sikkhissāmi, yāva na aññaṁ bhikkhuṁ byattaṁ vinayadharaṁ paripucchāmī”ti, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk, when legitimately corrected by the monks, says, ‘I won’t practice this training rule until I’ve questioned a monk who is an expert on the Monastic Law,’ he commits an offense entailing confession.

  68. pli-tv-bu-pm:136.2

    Sikkhamānena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā aññātabbaṁ paripucchitabbaṁ paripañhitabbaṁ, ayaṁ tattha sāmīci.

    A monk who is training should understand, should question, should enquire. This is the proper procedure.

  69. pli-tv-bu-pm:137.0

    Pācittiya 72. Vilekhana

    Confession 72: disparaging the training rules

  70. pli-tv-bu-pm:137.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu pātimokkhe uddissamāne evaṁ vadeyya “kiṁ panimehi khuddānukhuddakehi sikkhāpadehi uddiṭṭhehi, yāvadeva kukkuccāya vihesāya vilekhāya saṁvattantī”ti, sikkhāpadavivaṇṇake pācittiyaṁ.

    When the Monastic Code is being recited, if a monk says, ‘What’s the point of reciting these minor training rules, when they just lead to anxiety, oppression, and annoyance?’ then in disparaging the training rules, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  71. pli-tv-bu-pm:138.0

    Pācittiya 73. Mohana

    Confession 73: deception

  72. pli-tv-bu-pm:138.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu anvaddhamāsaṁ pātimokkhe uddissamāne evaṁ vadeyya

    During the half-monthly recitation of the Monastic Code, a monk might say,

  73. pli-tv-bu-pm:138.2

    “idāneva kho ahaṁ jānāmi, ayampi kira dhammo suttāgato suttapariyāpanno anvaddhamāsaṁ uddesaṁ āgacchatī”ti.

    ‘Just now did I find out that this rule too has come down in the Monastic Code, is included in the Monastic Code, and comes up for recitation every half-month.’

  74. pli-tv-bu-pm:138.3

    Tañce bhikkhuṁ aññe bhikkhū jāneyyuṁ nisinnapubbaṁ iminā bhikkhunā dvattikkhattuṁ pātimokkhe uddissamāne, ko pana vādo bhiyyo, na ca tassa bhikkhuno aññāṇakena mutti atthi, yañca tattha āpattiṁ āpanno, tañca yathādhammo kāretabbo, uttari cassa moho āropetabbo

    If other monks know that that monk has previously sat through at least two or three recitations of the Monastic Code, then that monk is not let off because of ignorance, and he is to be dealt with according to the rule. Further, he should be charged with deception:

  75. pli-tv-bu-pm:138.4

    “tassa te, āvuso, alābhā, tassa te dulladdhaṁ, yaṁ tvaṁ pātimokkhe uddissamānena sādhukaṁ aṭṭhiṁ katvā manasi karosī”ti,

    ‘It’s a loss for you that you don’t pay proper attention during the recitation of the Monastic Code.’

  76. pli-tv-bu-pm:138.5

    idaṁ tasmiṁ mohanake pācittiyaṁ.

    And for the act of deception, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  77. pli-tv-bu-pm:139.0

    Pācittiya 74. Pahāra

    Confession 74: hitting in anger

  78. pli-tv-bu-pm:139.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhussa kupito anattamano pahāraṁ dadeyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk hits a monk in anger, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  79. pli-tv-bu-pm:140.0

    Pācittiya 75. Talasattika

    Confession 75: raising a hand in anger

  80. pli-tv-bu-pm:140.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhussa kupito anattamano talasattikaṁ uggireyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk raises a hand in anger against a monk, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  81. pli-tv-bu-pm:141.0

    Pācittiya 76. Amūlaka

    Confession 76: making a groundless accusation

  82. pli-tv-bu-pm:141.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ amūlakena saṅghādisesena anuddhaṁseyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk groundlessly charges a monk with an offense entailing suspension, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  83. pli-tv-bu-pm:142.0

    Pācittiya 77. Sañcicca

    Confession 77: intentionally making a monk anxious

  84. pli-tv-bu-pm:142.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhussa sañcicca kukkuccaṁ upadaheyya “itissa muhuttampi aphāsu bhavissatī”ti etadeva paccayaṁ karitvā anaññaṁ, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk intentionally makes a monk anxious, thinking, ‘In this way he will be ill at ease at least for a moment,’ and he does so only for this reason and no other, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  85. pli-tv-bu-pm:143.0

    Pācittiya 78. Upassuti

    Confession 78: eavesdropping

  86. pli-tv-bu-pm:143.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṁ bhaṇḍanajātānaṁ kalahajātānaṁ vivādāpannānaṁ upassutiṁ tiṭṭheyya “yaṁ ime bhaṇissanti, taṁ sossāmī”ti etadeva paccayaṁ karitvā anaññaṁ, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk eavesdrops on monks who are arguing and disputing, thinking, ‘I’ll hear what they say,’ and he does so only for this reason and no other, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  87. pli-tv-bu-pm:144.0

    Pācittiya 79. Kammappaṭibāhana

    Confession 79: criticizing a legitimate legal procedure

  88. pli-tv-bu-pm:144.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu dhammikānaṁ kammānaṁ chandaṁ datvā pacchā khīyanadhammaṁ āpajjeyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk gives his consent to legitimate legal procedures, and then criticizes them afterwards, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  89. pli-tv-bu-pm:145.0

    Pācittiya 80. Chandaṁadatvāgamana

    Confession 80: leaving without giving consent

  90. pli-tv-bu-pm:145.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu saṅghe vinicchayakathāya vattamānāya chandaṁ adatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkameyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    When the Sangha is in the middle of a discussion, if a monk gets up from his seat and leaves without first giving his consent, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  91. pli-tv-bu-pm:146.0

    Pācittiya 81. Dubbala

    Confession 81: criticizing a robe distribution

  92. pli-tv-bu-pm:146.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu samaggena saṅghena cīvaraṁ datvā pacchā khīyanadhammaṁ āpajjeyya “yathāsanthutaṁ bhikkhū saṅghikaṁ lābhaṁ pariṇāmentī”ti, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk gives out a robe as part of a unanimous Sangha and then criticizes it afterwards, saying, ‘The monks are diverting the Sangha’s material support according to friendship,’ he commits an offense entailing confession.

  93. pli-tv-bu-pm:147.0

    Pācittiya 82. Pariṇāmana

    Confession 82: diverting gains intended for the Sangha

  94. pli-tv-bu-pm:147.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṁ saṅghikaṁ lābhaṁ pariṇataṁ puggalassa pariṇāmeyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk diverts to an individual material support that he knows was intended for the Sangha, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  95. pli-tv-bu-pm:147.2

    Sahadhammikavaggo aṭṭhamo

    The eighth subchapter on legitimate correction is finished.

  96. pli-tv-bu-pm:148.0.1

    Chapter 9. Ratana

    The subchapter on precious things

  97. pli-tv-bu-pm:148.0.2

    Pācittiya 83. Antepura

    Confession 83: entering a royal compound unannounced

  98. pli-tv-bu-pm:148.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa anikkhantarājake aniggataratanake pubbe appaṭisaṁvidito indakhīlaṁ atikkāmeyya, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk, without first being announced, crosses the threshold to the bedroom of a consecrated aristocrat king, when both the king and the queen are present, he commits an offense entailing confession.

  99. pli-tv-bu-pm:149.0

    Pācittiya 84. Ratana

    Confession 84: picking up precious things

  100. pli-tv-bu-pm:149.1

    Yo pana bhikkhu ratanaṁ vā ratanasammataṁ vā aññatra ajjhārāmā vā ajjhāvasathā vā uggaṇheyya vā uggaṇhāpeyya vā, pācittiyaṁ.

    If a monk picks up something precious or something regarded as precious, or he has it picked up, except within a monastery or inside a lodging, he commits an offense entailing confession.

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SuttaCentral (suttacentral.net), from the bilara-data and sc-data repositories. Licence: Public Domain (root); CC0 1.0 (translation). Source.