Euripides, Hippolytus

ToposText · Euripides · 292 sections

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§ 1000 I am not a laughing stock of my companions, father, But am close to my friends even when they are absent. And I have had no contact with that one thing, by which you think I have been seized: My body to this point of time is undefiled by sex. I have no knowledge of this matter except for hearing about it,
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§ 1005 And seeing it in pictures. I have no desire To look into it, as I have a virginal mind. (THESEUS THROWS HIM A LOOK OF SCORN AND DISBELIEF) So my virginity doesn’t persuade you --- let’s forget that. I must show you how I was destroyed [or slandered]. (POINTING AT PHAEDRA’S CORPSE) Was her body the most beautiful
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§ 1010 Of all women? Did you expect that I was going to take Her apportioned marriage-bed and live in your house? No, that would have been useless, utterly senseless. Are you saying that it’s a wonderful thing to be a ruler? To chaste people It certainly isn’t, unless all who like monarchy
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§ 1015 Have lost their minds [lit. ‘destroyed their minds’]. I would want to rule the Greek Games [lit. prevail in Hellenic contests] First, and secondly in the city Always be happy with my best [or aristocratic] friends. For it is possible to act, and absent danger
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§ 1020 Gives a greater benefit than kingship. One thing to do with me has been spoken of, but the rest you have. For if there were a witness as to the sort of person I am, And I were competing with you while she was alive, You would have seen in your examination who the bad people were.
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§ 1025 But as it is, I swear on oath by Zeus and the foundations Of the earth, that I never touched your marriage-bed, Nor wanted to, nor seized upon the idea. May I die, without an inheritance, a name, A city or a home, a fugitive wandering the earth,
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§ 1030 And may neither the sea nor the earth receive My flesh when I am dead, if I am by nature a bad man. (LOOKING AT PHAEDRA’S CORPSE) Whether it was out of fear that she destroyed my life, I don’t know --- it’s not right for me to speak further. She was chaste without having chastity:
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§ 1035 But I who had it did not use it well. CHORUS: You have deflected blame sufficiently, By providing oaths of the gods, which is not a small measure of trust. THESEUS: Isn’t this man a chanting conjurer, Who is confident in his gentleness of temper
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§ 1040 That he will conquer my mind, although he has dishonoured his parent? HIPPOLYTUS: That’s exactly what surprises me about you, father --- For if you were my son, and I your father, I would have killed you and not punished you with exile, If in fact I now thought that you had touched my wife.
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§ 1045 THESEUS: How fittingly have you spoken! You will not die The way you have laid down the law for yourself. No, for swift Hades is easiest for a man in his misfortune: Wandering as an exile from your father’s country You will bail out your painful life in another land!
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§ 1050 These are the wages of an impious man! HIPPOLYTUS: Ah god! What will you do? Will you not even receive The witness of Time from me, but drive me out of the country? THESEUS: Yes, and beyond the Black Sea and the straits of Gibraltar [lit., the Atlantic places], If somehow I were able --- because I hate the sight of you!
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§ 1055 HIPPOLYTUS: Are you going to exile me without a judgment? Without examining My oath or reliability, or the report of the seers? THESEUS [POINTING AT THE LETTER]: This letter has no divinatory chanciness, But condemns you reliably; as for those birds hovering Over our heads, I bid them a long farewell!
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§ 1060 HIPPOLYTUS: You gods, why do I not unleash my mouth, I who am being ruined by you, whom I revered? No indeed: I absolutely cannot persuade those whom I must, And in vain would I pour forth the oaths that I swore. THESEUS: Ah me! How your haughtiness is killing me!
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§ 1065 Won’t you get out of your father’s country as quickly as you can? HIPPOLYTUS: Where should I turn to in my wretchedness? What stranger’s House will I enter, seeing as I'm an exile with this blame upon me? THESEUS: To someone who delights in taking in strangers who are the destroyers Of women, and who are the partners of evil!
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§ 1070 HIPPOLYTUS: Oh no! This strikes me to the core! It brings me close to tears If I seem to be bad, and am thought so by you! THESEUS: You should have groaned and recognised that before, When you dared to commit outrage on your father’s wife! HIPPOLYTUS: [gestures at the walls around him] You house, I wish your voice might speak for me,
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§ 1075 And witness whether I am by nature a bad man! THESEUS: You are wisely taking refuge in voiceless witnesses --- [POINTING AT THE CORPSE] But this act, although mute, declares you to be bad! HIPPOLYTUS: Ah! I wish I could see myself standing Opposite, so that I might weep at the terrible things I am suffering!
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§ 1080 THESEUS: You practised worshipping yourself much more Than being proper and acting piously to your parents! HIPPOLYTUS: Wretched mother! Bitter generations! I wish that none of my own family would ever be illegitimate! THESEUS: [TO SERVANTS ON STAGE] Servants --- won’t you drag him out of here? Can’t you hear
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§ 1085 That he, who is publicly addressing me, is going abroad for a long time? HIPPOLYTUS: [AS A SERVANT MOVES TOWARD HIM, HIPPOLYTUS THREATENS HIM] One of them will pay for it if he touches me! You throw me out of the country, if you’re angry! THESEUS: I will, if you won’t obey me! No pity of your exile steals under me!
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§ 1090 HIPPOLYTUS: Your mind is made up, it seems. Woe is me! I know this, but not what I will do. [TURNS TO STATUE OF ARTEMIS] Dearest of the gods to me, Leto’s daughter! You who sit and hunt with me! I am to be exiled from Famous Athens. Farewell city
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§ 1095 And land of Erechtheus! Troezenian earth, How much happiness you have, for me to spend my youth in! Goodbye! This is the last time I will look at and address you! [TO HIS HUNTING ATTENDANTS] Come, my young companions of this land, Accompany me and send me forth from this country!
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§ 1100 As you will never see any other man More chaste, even if my father does not think so! [EXIT HIPPOLYTUS]
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§ 1102 CHORUS: Concerns about the gods, when they come into my mind, Are greatly removed by pain and understanding. What hope is there left, Which is hidden, to see them in the changing circumstances and actions of mortals? For some things change from one thing, others from another --- and a lifetime that always
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§ 1110 Wanders a lot, takes a different position [ie, is unstable] for men. I wish in answer to my prayer that fate would provide me from god With circumstances accompanied by wealth and a heart that is virgin to pain!
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§ 1115 May I have no opinion either inflexible, or counterfeit, But changing my easy ways of life in future time, may I always Share the fortune of my life.
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§ 1120 I no longer have a pure [or clear] mind, but what I see is beyond expectation: I saw, I saw, the most visible star of Hellanian Aphaia, Because of his father’s anger,
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§ 1125 Sent to another country. You sands of our city’s shore, You mountain thicket, where with The swift-footed dogs he used to slay the wild beasts
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§ 1130 Around holy Diktynna! No longer will you mount upon a yoking of Enetian foals, Holding down the wheel around the Sea [Limnai] with the hoof of his naked horse.
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§ 1135 The music that never slept under the frame of the strings Will cease about your father’s house. Ungarlanded will be the resting-places of the daughter Of Leto in the deep green wood.
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§ 1140 The nymphs’ contest to be your bride has died With your exile from their bed! For your misfortune I will endure with tears your fate That is no fate! Poor mother,
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§ 1145 Did you bear him to no avail? Alas! I am grief-maddened by the gods. Ah! You company of Graces, why are you sending that poor man Who is in no way guilty of destruction from his father’s land,
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§ 1150 From this house? Look! Here comes Hippolytus’s attendant, Hurrying to the house with gloom on his face! (ENTER MESSENGER) MESSENGER: Ladies --- Where in this country might I find king Theseus? Please tell me if
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§ 1155 You know. [points to the back of the stage] Is he inside the house? CHORUS: Here he is coming out now. [ENTER THESEUS] MESSENGER: Theseus, the story I bring is worth your concern, To you and to the citizens who live in Athens And within the borders of Troezen.
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§ 1160 THESEUS: What is it? Has some unexpected disaster Seized our two neighbouring cities? MESSENGER: Hippolytus is nearly dead --- His life is still hanging in the balance. THESEUS: How? Was it caused by hostility with someone
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§ 1165 Whose wife he had brought shame on, as he had his father’s, against her will? MESSENGER: The household vehicle of his chariot has killed him, Along with the curses from your mouth, which you brought Upon your son from your father. THESEUS: Oh gods, Poseidon! How proper a father you have been to me,
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§ 1170 Because you listened to my prayers! How did he die? Tell me, how did the trapdoor Of Justice strike him, for having brought shame on me? MESSENGER: We who were near the wave-receiving shore Combing the hair of the horses with brushes,
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§ 1175 Kept crying --- Some messenger had come to us saying That Hippolytus would no longer turn back his foot In this country, because he had obtained wretched exile at your hands. Then he came with the same song of tears To us on the shore; so many of his friends went
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§ 1180 Following along with him, and a gathering of his peers. Eventually at one point he spoke, after he had ceased from his groans: “Why should I be distraught about this? I must obey my father’s words. Servants, equip yoke-bearing horses To a chariot --- this city is mine no more.”
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§ 1185 Then every man hurried, And faster than you could speak we set up The harnessed horses next to him, our master. With his hands he grabbed the reins from the chariot-rim, After he had fastened his feet with shoes and all.
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§ 1190 First of all he unfolded his hands to the gods: “ Zeus, if I have been a bad man, may I be one no longer. I wish my father may see that he is dishonouring me, Both when I am alive and dead.” At this he brought the goad, after taking it in his hands,
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§ 1195 Together to his foals --- and we servants under his chariot And near the bit began following our master Along the road directly from Argos and Epidaurus. When we began entering a deserted place, There is a certain beach lying beyond this land
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§ 1200 Towards the Saronic Sea. Then suddenly a roaring of the earth like Zeus’ thunder Released a deep boom, something terrifying to hear --- The horses lifted their heads and ears upright To the sky --- for us there was a new fear
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§ 1205 As to where this sound was coming from. Then looking straight Toward the salt-roaring shore we saw the holy Wave lifted up to the sky, so that my eye was removed From the shore of Skiron, And it hid the Isthmus and the rock of Asclepius.
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§ 1210 Then they swelled up and round about moved A great foam that plashed with a blustering of the sea To the shore where the four-horsed chariot was. With its very surge and swell The wave put forth a bull, a wild monster.
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§ 1215 The whole earth was filled with its bellowing, And bellowed back our fear --- but then while we looked at it A greater spectacle than that sight appeared. Straight away a terror fell upon the horses. Our master, well-acquainted
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§ 1220 With horse-handling, snatched the reins into his hands. And dragged them as a sailor does an oar, Fastening his body back from the straps. But they champed on their fiery bits with their jaws And carried him against his will, paying no attention
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§ 1225 To the sailor’s hand, or to the horse-bound or Tight-glued chariot. But if he were going to correct his course, Holding the tiller to the soft parts of the ground, The bull appeared ahead of him, to his front, so as to turn him back, Maddening the four- horse chariot with fear.
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§ 1230 But if enraged in their mind they were to carry him towards the rocks, He would follow approaching the chariot-rim in silence, Until such time as he slipped and threw his head back, Casting the chariot wheel against a stone. Everything was thrown into confusion --- up leapt the holes
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§ 1235 in the wheels, and the axle-pins, But the poor man entangled in his own reins Was dragged bound in indissoluble bonds --- While pounding his body against the rocks And shattering his flesh, he spoke these words that were terrible to hear:
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§ 1240 “Stay, you who have been reared in my stables, And do not ruin me. Oh wretched curse from father! What person here wants to save the best man?” There were many of us who wanted to, but we were lagging behind With slow feet. He was freed from his bonds
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§ 1245 By cutting the straps, and somehow fell, Still breathing with only a little life left in him. The horses vanished, as did the wretched portent Of the bull to some place in that rocky land. I know I’m only a slave of your house, my lord,
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§ 1250 But I’ll never be able to believe so great a thing, That your son is a bad person, Not even if the whole race of women were to hang themselves, And someone were to fill all the pine-trees on Ida With writing --- since I understand that he is good.
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§ 1255 CHORUS: Ah! A disaster of new evils has been fulfilled, Nor is there an escape from fate and necessity. THESEUS: Out of hatred for the man who has suffered this, I did delight in your story, but now respecting The gods and that man, who is my son,
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§ 1260 I neither delight in these evils, nor am I annoyed at them. MESSENGER: What are we to do then? Bring the poor man here? What must we do to please your heart? Think carefully: if you take my advice You will not be cruel toward your son in his misfortune.
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§ 1265 THESEUS: Bring him here, so that I may look him in the eyes, That man who utterly denies he stained my bed, And test him [or put him to shame] with my words and with the disasters from the gods. CHORUS: Aphrodite, you carry along the unyielding hearts of gods And mortals, and with you is
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§ 1270 He of the many-coloured wings, who surrounds us With his swift pinions. He, Eros, hovers over the earth And the loud-roaring salt sea, And gold-appearing and winged bewitches
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§ 1275 Whomever he goes against with their heart maddened --- The whelps of mountain and ocean, And all that the earth nourishes, And that the blazing sun looks upon,
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§ 1280 And men: you alone, Aphrodite, Rule the queenly honour of all these. [ENTER ARTEMIS, CONSPICUOUS AS A GODDESS] ARTEMIS: I call upon the noble son Of Aigeus to hear me.
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§ 1285 I say that I am Artemis, Leto’s daughter. Theseus! Why are you, wretch, rejoicing At having killed your son in an unholy way, Having been persuaded by your wife’s false words Of the invisible? You hold a visible destruction.
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§ 1290 Why are you not hiding your body in shame Under the earth in Tartarus? Or winged above, exchanging your life, Holding your foot above this pain? As you do not deserve to obtain
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§ 1295 A portion of life among good men! Listen, Theseus, to the state of your evils. I’m not going to clear away anything --- it will cause you pain. But it has come to this, for me to reveal the just mind Of your son, so that he may die with a good reputation,
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§ 1300 And your wife’s wild passion, or in a way her Nobility. For it was from Aphrodite, of all the gods the most hateful To us all for whom pleasure is virginal, That she was stung with goads and fell in love with your son. Attempting in her judgement to overcome Aphrodite
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§ 1305 She died unwillingly because of the stratagems of her nurse, Who told your son, under oath, of the illness. But he, as in fact was proper, did not follow through With his words, nor in turn when he was being abused by you Did he remove the pledge of his oath, as he is by nature pious.
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§ 1310 But she, fearing that she would fall to being cross-examined, Wrote a false message and killed Your son with deception --- and yet persuaded you. THESEUS: Oh no! ARTEMIS: Does this story sting you, Theseus? Keep quiet, When you hear what follows, so that you may groan even more.
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§ 1315 Do you know that you have three clear curses from your father? One of them you have used, you monster, Against your son, rather than one of your enemies. Your marine father, because he was well disposed to you, Granted you as much as was necessary, if in fact he approved of it.
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§ 1320 But you are revealed to be bad both in his eyes and mine --- You didn’t wait either for the pledge or the voice Of the seers, didn’t question anyone, did not over a long time Provide an examination, but more quickly than you should have Let loose your curses against your son and killed him. THESEUS: My lady, I wish I were dead!
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§ 1325 ARTEMIS: You have acted terribly, and yet It is still possible for you to obtain forgiveness for all this. Aphrodite wanted this to happen, Fulfilling her anger. This is the custom among the gods: No-one is willing to confront the zeal
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§ 1330 Of another that wants something, but we always stand aside. Since, be assured, it is not because I feared Zeus That I would ever have come to this height of shame, As to let the man that was dearest to me of all mortals Die. But not knowing first
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§ 1335 Your mistake absolves you of this evil. And then, your wife by dying did away with Verbal questioning, so as to persuade your mind. These evils have erupted over you very greatly, But are a grief to me as well --- when the pious
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§ 1340 Die the gods do not rejoice; but those who are bad To their children and homes we destroy. CHORUS: Here he comes, the poor wretch, His young skin and golden hair Besmirched. What pain the house has!
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§ 1345 What double grief has been ordained for it, Seized upon by god! [ENTER HIPPOLYTUS, ON A STRETCHER] HIPPOLYTUS: Ah! Poor me, by my unjust father With unjust oracles I have been besmirched.
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§ 1350 I am done for, wretched, alas! The death-pangs are rushing through my head, The spasms are leaping onto my brain! Stop, so that I may rest my exhausted body! [LOOKS AT THE CHARIOT]
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§ 1355 You hateful chariot of horses that were fed From my hand, You have destroyed and killed me! Oh! By the gods, lay your hands, servants, Gently on my wounded skin! Lift me up properly, drag me with your muscles tensed, I the ill-fortuned and cursed By my father’s mistakes! Zeus, Zeus, do you see this? Here I am, the haughty [or reverend] and devout,
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§ 1360 Here I am, who surpassed everyone in chastity. Going headlong to Hades from the highest point After losing my life. I have toiled to no avail At the toils of piety With regard to mankind.
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§ 1365 Ah! The pain is coming to me now! Let me go, my poor friends! May Death the Healer come to me! Kill me, kill the wretch that I am! ---
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§ 1370 I long for a two-edged blade To cut my life apart And lay it to rest. Wretched curse of my father! Some bloody evil from ancient Relatives born before me bursts its bounds, nor remains there, But why did it ever come against me, Who am in no way guilty of evil? Ah me!
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§ 1375 What am I to say? How am I to remove my life So that it is without the pain of this suffering? May black And gloomy necessity convey me, Poor wretch, to Hades! CHORUS: Poor man, what a disaster has entangled you!
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§ 1380 The nobility of your mind has killed you. HIPPOLYTUS: [looks up and lifts his face] The breath of a divine perfume! Even in pain I can perceive you, and my body is lifted up [or lightened]! The goddess Artemis is here. ARTEMIS: Poor man, she is, and for you the dearest of the gods!
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§ 1390 HIPPOLYTUS: Can you see me, my lady, what I am like --- a wretch? ARTEMIS: I can --- but it is not right [or lawful] for me to cast a tear from my eye. HIPPOLYTUS: You no longer have a hunter or a servant --- ARTEMIS: No --- but dear to me you die. HIPPOLYTUS: Nor a horse-keeper or a guardian of your statues.
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§ 1400 ARTEMIS: No, because that criminal Aphrodite schemed all this. HIPPOLYTUS: Ah me! I now understand the divinity who destroyed me. ARTEMIS: She found fault with your honour and hated your chastity. HIPPOLYTUS: Aphrodite, I now see, destroyed the three of us! ARTEMIS: Yes --- you, your father and his wife.
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§ 1405 HIPPOLYTUS: I groan, then, for my father’s misfortune! ARTEMIS: He was deceived by the plans of a divinity. [HIPPOLYTUS TURNS TO THESEUS, WHO HAS BEEN LISTENING THE WHOLE TIME] HIPPOLYTUS: My poor father, what a disaster for you! THESEUS: I am dead, my child --- there is no joy in life for me! HIPPOLYTUS: I mourn for you, rather than for myself because of my mistake!
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§ 1410 THESEUS: My child, if only I were dead instead of you! HIPPOLYTUS: How bitter were the gifts of your father Poseidon! THESEUS: They ought never have come into my mouth. HIPPOLYTUS: Why not? You would still have killed me, you were that enraged. THESEUS: I have slipped from my judgement, because of the gods. HIPPOLYTUS: Ah!
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§ 1415 I wish that the human race would curse the gods! ARTEMIS: Enough! Not even under the darkness of the earth Will the fury of the goddess Aphrodite from her zeal Swoop down upon your body unavenged, For the sake of your piety and good mind.
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§ 1420 For I will take vengeance on another, one of hers, with my own Hand, whoever happens to be the dearest to her of mortals, [POINTS TO HER BOW AND ARROW] With these inescapable arrows. But to you, poor wretch, for this suffering I will grant enormous honours in the city
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§ 1425 Of Troezen: young women unyoked before marriage Will cut their hair for you, who for a long age Will harvest a huge grief of tears. For all time there will be a music-making care
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§ 1430 Of unmarried women [or virgins] towards you, and Phaedra’s love for you Will not fall nameless and be silent. [TURNING TO THESEUS] Now you, child of old Aigeus, take Your son in your arms and embrace him: You killed him involuntarily [or innocently], and when the gods Are willing, it is usual for people to go astray. [TO HIPPOLYTUS]
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§ 1435 Hippolytus, I advise you not to hate Your father --- you possess the fate by which you were killed. Farewell --- for it is not lawful for me to see the dead, Nor to taint my eyes with the last breaths of people. Already I see that you are near this evil. [EXIT ARTEMIS]
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§ 1440 HIPPOLYTUS: Farewell and go, glorious virgin --- [BITTERLY] You leave our long association so easily. I am leaving off my quarrel with my father, because you wish it: Before, as well, I heeded your words. Ah! Darkness is already coming down over my eyes!
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§ 1445 Father, take hold of me! Straighten my body! THESEUS: Oh my son, why are you doing this to me in my wretchedness! HIPPOLYTUS: I am dying --- I can see the gates of the dead! THESEUS: Are you going to leave my hands defiled [ie. with blood]? HIPPOLYTUS: No --- I free you of this murder.
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§ 1450 THESEUS: What do you mean? Are you releasing me free of this blood? HIPPOLYTUS: I call Artemis the archer as my witness. THESEUS: My darling son, how noble you are to your father!
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§ 1455 HIPPOLYTUS: Boast to obtain legitimate children like this! THESEUS: Alas for your pious and good mind! HIPPOLYTUS: Farewell to you also, a long farewell from me, father! [also: Be very happy for me, father] THESEUS: Don’t leave me, son --- be strong! HIPPOLYTUS: My affairs are strong --- I am dying, father. Hide my face as quickly as you can in my robe. THESEUS: Famous borders of Aphaia and Pallas,
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§ 1460 What a man you have lost! Poor me! How often, Aphrodite, will I remember your evils! CHORUS: This pain was shared by all the citizens And came unexpectedly. There will be a shower of tears:
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§ 1465 For worthy of pain, the tales Of the great spread abroad more.

Via ToposText (topostext.org), a project of the Aikaterini Laskaridis Foundation created by Brady Kiesling. Translated by Colin Young (2019). Composed ca. 428 BCE. Licence: public domain. Source.