Theravāda Vinaya — Mahāvibhaṅga — Saṅghādisesakaṇḍa
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Theravāda Vinaya
Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law
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Mahāvibhaṅga
The Great Analysis
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Saṅghādisesakaṇḍa
The chapter on offenses entailing suspension
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1. Sukkavissaṭṭhisikkhāpada
1. The training rule on masturbation
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Ime kho panāyasmanto terasa saṅghādisesā dhammā uddesaṁ āgacchanti.
Venerables, these thirteen rules on suspension come up for recitation.
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Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.
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Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā seyyasako anabhirato brahmacariyaṁ carati.
At that time Venerable Seyyasaka was dissatisfied with the spiritual life.
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So tena kiso hoti lūkho dubbaṇṇo uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajāto dhamanisanthatagatto.
He became thin, haggard, and pale, with veins protruding all over his body.
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Addasa kho āyasmā udāyī āyasmantaṁ seyyasakaṁ kisaṁ lūkhaṁ dubbaṇṇaṁ uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajātaṁ dhamanisanthatagattaṁ. Disvāna āyasmantaṁ seyyasakaṁ etadavoca—
Venerable Udāyī saw him in this condition and said to him,
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“kissa tvaṁ, āvuso seyyasaka, kiso lūkho dubbaṇṇo uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajāto dhamanisanthatagatto?
“Seyyasaka, you’re not looking well.
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Kacci no tvaṁ, āvuso seyyasaka, anabhirato brahmacariyaṁ carasī”ti?
You’re not dissatisfied with the spiritual life, are you?”
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“Evamāvuso”ti.
“I am.”
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“Tena hi tvaṁ, āvuso seyyasaka, yāvadatthaṁ bhuñja yāvadatthaṁ supa yāvadatthaṁ nhāya.
“Well then, eat, sleep, and bathe as much as you like.
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Yāvadatthaṁ bhuñjitvā yāvadatthaṁ supitvā yāvadatthaṁ nhāyitvā yadā te anabhirati uppajjati rāgo cittaṁ anuddhaṁseti tadā hatthena upakkamitvā asuciṁ mocehī”ti.
And whenever you become discontent and lust overwhelms you, just masturbate with your hand.”
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“Kiṁ nu kho, āvuso, kappati evarūpaṁ kātun”ti?
“But is that allowable?”
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“Āma, āvuso. Ahampi evaṁ karomī”ti.
“Yes, I do it too.”
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Atha kho āyasmā seyyasako yāvadatthaṁ bhuñji yāvadatthaṁ supi yāvadatthaṁ nhāyi.
Then Seyyasaka ate, slept, and bathed as much as he liked,
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Yāvadatthaṁ bhuñjitvā yāvadatthaṁ supitvā yāvadatthaṁ nhāyitvā yadā anabhirati uppajjati rāgo cittaṁ anuddhaṁseti tadā hatthena upakkamitvā asuciṁ mocesi.
and whenever he became discontent and lust overwhelmed him, he masturbated with his hand.
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Atha kho āyasmā seyyasako aparena samayena vaṇṇavā ahosi pīṇindriyo pasannamukhavaṇṇo vippasannachavivaṇṇo.
After some time Seyyasaka had a good color, a bright face, clear skin, and sharp senses.
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Atha kho āyasmato seyyasakassa sahāyakā bhikkhū āyasmantaṁ seyyasakaṁ etadavocuṁ—
The monks who were his friends said to him,
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“pubbe kho tvaṁ, āvuso seyyasaka, kiso ahosi lūkho dubbaṇṇo uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajāto dhamanisanthatagatto.
“Seyyasaka, you used to be thin, haggard, and pale, with veins protruding all over your body.
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So dāni tvaṁ etarahi vaṇṇavā pīṇindriyo pasannamukhavaṇṇo vippasannachavivaṇṇo.
But now you have a good color, a bright face, clear skin, and sharp senses.
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Kiṁ nu kho tvaṁ, āvuso seyyasaka, bhesajjaṁ karosī”ti?
Have you been taking medicine?”
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“Na kho ahaṁ, āvuso, bhesajjaṁ karomi.
“No.
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Api cāhaṁ yāvadatthaṁ bhuñjāmi yāvadatthaṁ supāmi yāvadatthaṁ nhāyāmi.
I just eat, sleep, and bathe as much as I like,
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Yāvadatthaṁ bhuñjitvā yāvadatthaṁ supitvā yāvadatthaṁ nhāyitvā yadā me anabhirati uppajjati rāgo cittaṁ anuddhaṁseti tadā hatthena upakkamitvā asuciṁ mocemī”ti.
and whenever I become discontent and lust overwhelms me, I masturbate with my hand.”
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“Kiṁ pana tvaṁ, āvuso seyyasaka, yeneva hatthena saddhādeyyaṁ bhuñjasi teneva hatthena upakkamitvā asuciṁ mocesī”ti?
“Do you eat the food given in faith with the same hand you use to masturbate?”
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“Evamāvuso”ti.
“Yes.”
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Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
The monks of few desires complained and criticized him,
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“kathañhi nāma āyasmā seyyasako hatthena upakkamitvā asuciṁ mocessatī”ti.
“How can Venerable Seyyasaka masturbate with his hand?”
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Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṁ seyyasakaṁ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
They rebuked Seyyasaka in many ways and then told the Buddha.
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Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṁ sannipātāpetvā āyasmantaṁ seyyasakaṁ paṭipucchi—
The Buddha then had the Sangha gathered and questioned Seyyasaka:
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“saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, seyyasaka, hatthena upakkamitvā asuciṁ mocesī”ti?
“Is it true, Seyyasaka, that you do this?”
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“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“Yes, sir.”
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Vigarahi buddho bhagavā—
The Buddha rebuked him,
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“ananucchavikaṁ, moghapurisa, ananulomikaṁ appatirūpaṁ assāmaṇakaṁ akappiyaṁ akaraṇīyaṁ.
“Foolish man, it’s not suitable, it’s not proper, it’s not worthy of a monastic, it’s not allowable, it’s not to be done.
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Kathañhi nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, hatthena upakkamitvā asuciṁ mocessasi.
How can you do this?
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Nanu mayā, moghapurisa, anekapariyāyena virāgāya dhammo desito no sarāgāya,
Haven’t I given many teachings for the sake of dispassion, not for the sake of passion;
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visaññogāya dhammo desito no saññogāya,
for freedom from bondage, not for the sake of bondage;
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anupādānāya dhammo desito no saupādānāya.
for the sake of non-grasping, not for the sake of grasping?
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Tattha nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, mayā virāgāya dhamme desite sarāgāya cetessasi, visaññogāya dhamme desite saññogāya cetessasi, anupādānāya dhamme desite saupādānāya cetessasi.
When I’ve taught like this, how can you choose passion, bondage, and grasping?
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Nanu mayā, moghapurisa, anekapariyāyena rāgavirāgāya dhammo desito, madanimmadanāya pipāsavinayāya ālayasamugghātāya vaṭṭupacchedāya taṇhākkhayāya virāgāya nirodhāya nibbānāya dhammo desito?
Haven’t I given many teachings for the fading away of lust, for the clearing away of intoxication, for the removal of thirst, for the uprooting of attachment, for the cutting off of the round of rebirth, for the stopping of craving, for fading away, for ending, for extinguishment?
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Nanu mayā, moghapurisa, anekapariyāyena kāmānaṁ pahānaṁ akkhātaṁ, kāmasaññānaṁ pariññā akkhātā, kāmapipāsānaṁ paṭivinayo akkhāto, kāmavitakkānaṁ samugghāto akkhāto, kāmapariḷāhānaṁ vūpasamo akkhāto?
Haven’t I given many teachings for the abandoning of worldly pleasures, for the full understanding of the perceptions of worldly pleasures, for the removal of thirst for worldly pleasures, for the elimination of thoughts of worldly pleasures, for the stilling of the fevers of worldly pleasures?
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Netaṁ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya, pasannānaṁ vā bhiyyobhāvāya.
Foolish man, this will affect people’s confidence,
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Atha khvetaṁ, moghapurisa, appasannānañceva appasādāya, pasannānañca ekaccānaṁ aññathattāyā”ti.
and cause some to lose it.”
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Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṁ seyyasakaṁ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā dubbharatāya …pe…
Then, after rebuking Seyyasaka in many ways, the Buddha spoke in dispraise of being difficult to support …
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evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
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“Sañcetanikā sukkavissaṭṭhi saṅghādiseso”ti.
‘Intentional emission of semen is an offense entailing suspension.’”
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Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.
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Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū paṇītabhojanāni bhuñjitvā muṭṭhassatī asampajānā niddaṁ okkamanti.
Soon afterwards some monks ate fine foods, fell asleep absentminded and heedless,
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Tesaṁ muṭṭhassatīnaṁ asampajānānaṁ niddaṁ okkamantānaṁ supinantena asuci muccati.
and emitted semen while dreaming.
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Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi—
They became anxious, thinking,
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“bhagavatā sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ—
“The Buddha has laid down a training rule
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‘sañcetanikā sukkavissaṭṭhi saṅghādiseso’ti.
that intentional emission of semen is an offense entailing suspension.
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Amhākañca supinantena asuci muccati.
We had an emission while dreaming,
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Atthi cettha cetanā labbhati.
which is not without intention.
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Kacci nu kho mayaṁ saṅghādisesaṁ āpattiṁ āpannā”ti?
Could it be that we’ve committed an offense entailing suspension?”
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Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
They told the Buddha.
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“Atthesā, bhikkhave, cetanā;
“It’s true, monks, that a dream is not without intention,
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sā ca kho abbohārikāti.
but it’s negligible.
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Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
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“Sañcetanikā sukkavissaṭṭhi aññatra supinantā saṅghādiseso”ti.
‘Intentional emission of semen, except while dreaming, is an offense entailing suspension.’”
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Sañcetanikāti
Intentional:
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jānanto sañjānanto cecca abhivitaritvā vītikkamo.
knowing, perceiving, having intended, having decided, he transgresses.
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Sukkanti
Semen:
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dasa sukkāni—
there are ten kinds of semen:
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nīlaṁ pītakaṁ lohitakaṁ odātaṁ takkavaṇṇaṁ dakavaṇṇaṁ telavaṇṇaṁ khīravaṇṇaṁ dadhivaṇṇaṁ sappivaṇṇaṁ.
blue, yellow, red, white, the color of buttermilk, the color of water, the color of oil, the color of milk, the color of curd, the color of ghee.
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Vissaṭṭhīti
Emission:
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ṭhānato cāvanā vuccati vissaṭṭhīti.
making it move from its base—this is what is meant by “emission”.
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Aññatra supinantāti
Except while dreaming:
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ṭhapetvā supinantaṁ.
apart from that which occurs while dreaming.
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Saṅghādisesoti
An offense entailing suspension:
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saṅghova tassā āpattiyā parivāsaṁ deti, mūlāya paṭikassati, mānattaṁ deti, abbheti; na sambahulā, na ekapuggalo. Tena vuccati—“saṅghādiseso”ti.
only the Sangha gives probation for that offense, sends back to the beginning, gives the trial period, and rehabilitates—not several monks, not an individual. Therefore it is called “an offense entailing suspension”.
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Tasseva āpattinikāyassa nāmakammaṁ adhivacanaṁ. Tenapi vuccati—“saṅghādiseso”ti.
This is the name and designation of this class of offense. Therefore, too, it is called “an offense entailing suspension”.
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Ajjhattarūpe moceti,
He emits by means of his own body.
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bahiddhārūpe moceti,
He emits by means of something external.
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ajjhattabahiddhārūpe moceti,
He emits both by means of his own body and by means of something external.
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ākāse kaṭiṁ kampento moceti;
He emits shaking the pelvis in the air.
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rāgūpatthambhe moceti,
He emits because of stiffness due to sensual desire.
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vaccūpatthambhe moceti,
He emits because of stiffness due to feces.
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passāvūpatthambhe moceti,
He emits because of stiffness due to urine.
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vātūpatthambhe moceti,
He emits because of stiffness due to intestinal gas.
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uccāliṅgapāṇakadaṭṭhūpatthambhe moceti;
He emits because of stiffness due to being stung by caterpillars.
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ārogyatthāya moceti,
He emits for the sake of health.
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sukhatthāya moceti,
He emits for the sake of pleasure.
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bhesajjatthāya moceti,
He emits for the sake of medicine.
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dānatthāya moceti,
He emits for the sake of a gift.
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puññatthāya moceti,
He emits for the sake of merit.
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yaññatthāya moceti,
He emits for the sake of sacrifice.
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saggatthāya moceti,
He emits for the sake of heaven.
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bījatthāya moceti,
He emits for the sake of seed.
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vīmaṁsatthāya moceti,
He emits for the sake of investigating.
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davatthāya moceti;
He emits for the sake of fun.
- pli-tv-bu-vb-ss1:3.1.20
nīlaṁ moceti,
He emits blue.
- pli-tv-bu-vb-ss1:3.1.21
pītakaṁ moceti,
He emits yellow.
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lohitakaṁ moceti,
He emits red.
- pli-tv-bu-vb-ss1:3.1.23
odātaṁ moceti,
He emits white.
- pli-tv-bu-vb-ss1:3.1.24
takkavaṇṇaṁ moceti,
He emits the color of buttermilk.
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dakavaṇṇaṁ moceti,
He emits the color of water.
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telavaṇṇaṁ moceti,
He emits the color of oil.
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