Theravāda Vinaya — Mahāvibhaṅga — Pācittiyakaṇḍa

Early Buddhist texts (SuttaCentral): Vinaya · Bhikkhu Brahmali · vinaya · 173 sections

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Theravāda Vinaya
Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law
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Mahāvibhaṅga
The Great Analysis
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Pācittiyakaṇḍa
The chapter on offenses entailing confession
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Ovādavagga
The subchapter on the instruction
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21. Ovādasikkhāpada
21. Instructing nuns without approval
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Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.
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Tena kho pana samayena therā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo ovadantā lābhino honti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṁ.
At that time the senior monks who were instructing the nuns received robe-cloth, almsfood, dwellings, and medicinal supplies.
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Atha kho chabbaggiyānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etadahosi—
When the monks from the group of six found out about this,
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“etarahi kho, āvuso, therā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo ovadantā lābhino honti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṁ.
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Handāvuso, mayampi bhikkhuniyo ovadāmā”ti.
they thought, “Well then, let’s instruct the nuns.”
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Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upasaṅkamitvā etadavocuṁ—“amhepi, bhaginiyo, upasaṅkamatha; mayampi ovadissāmā”ti.
They then went to the nuns and said, “Come to us, sisters, and we too will instruct you.”
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Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo yena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamiṁsu;
Soon afterwards those nuns went to the monks from the group of six,
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upasaṅkamitvā chabbaggiye bhikkhū abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu.
bowed, and sat down.
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Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhunīnaṁ parittaññeva dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā divasaṁ tiracchānakathāya vītināmetvā uyyojesuṁ—“gacchatha, bhaginiyo”ti.
But after giving just a short teaching, those monks spent the day on worldly talk. They then dismissed the nuns, saying, “Go, sisters.”
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Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhaṁsu. Ekamantaṁ ṭhitā kho tā bhikkhuniyo bhagavā etadavoca—“kacci, bhikkhuniyo, ovādo iddho ahosī”ti?
The nuns went to the Buddha and bowed, and the Buddha said to them, “Nuns, I hope the instruction was effective?”
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“Kuto, bhante, ovādo iddho bhavissati.
“Sir, how could the instruction be effective?
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Ayyā chabbaggiyā parittaññeva dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā divasaṁ tiracchānakathāya vītināmetvā uyyojesun”ti.
After giving just a short teaching, the monks from the group of six spent the day on worldly talk, and then dismissed us.”
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Atha kho bhagavā tā bhikkhuniyo dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṁsesi.
The Buddha instructed, inspired, and gladdened those nuns with a teaching.
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Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassitā samādapitā samuttejitā sampahaṁsitā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā pakkamiṁsu.
The nuns bowed, circumambulated the Buddha with their right sides toward him, and left.
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Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṁ sannipātāpetvā chabbaggiye bhikkhū paṭipucchi—
Soon afterwards the Buddha had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks from the group of six:
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“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhikkhunīnaṁ parittaññeva dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā divasaṁ tiracchānakathāya vītināmetvā uyyojethā”ti?
“Is it true, monks, that you acted like this?”
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“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, sir.”
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Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked them …
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kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, bhikkhunīnaṁ parittaññeva dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā divasaṁ tiracchānakathāya vītināmetvā uyyojessatha.
“Foolish men, how could you act like this?
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Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …”
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vigarahitvā …pe…
After rebuking them …
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dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
he gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
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“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, bhikkhunovādakaṁ sammannituṁ.
“Monks, you should appoint an instructor of the nuns.
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Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbo.
And he should be appointed like this.
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Paṭhamaṁ bhikkhu yācitabbo.
First a monk should be asked
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Yācitvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo—
and then a competent and capable monk should inform the Sangha:
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‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.
‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen.
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Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho itthannāmaṁ bhikkhuṁ bhikkhunovādakaṁ sammanneyya.
If the Sangha is ready, it should appoint monk so-and-so as an instructor of the nuns.
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Esā ñatti.
This is the motion.
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Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.
Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen.
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Saṅgho itthannāmaṁ bhikkhuṁ bhikkhunovādakaṁ sammannati.
The Sangha appoints monk so-and-so as an instructor of the nuns.
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Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno bhikkhunovādakassa sammuti, so tuṇhassa;
Any monk who approves of appointing monk so-and-so as an instructor of the nuns should remain silent.
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yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
Any monk who doesn’t approve should speak up.
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Dutiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi …pe…
For the second time, I speak on this matter. …
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tatiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi—
For the third time, I speak on this matter.
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suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.
Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen.
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Saṅgho itthannāmaṁ bhikkhuṁ bhikkhunovādakaṁ sammannati.
The Sangha appoints monk so-and-so as an instructor of the nuns.
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Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno bhikkhunovādakassa sammuti, so tuṇhassa;
Any monk who approves of appointing monk so-and-so as an instructor of the nuns should remain silent.
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yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
Any monk who doesn’t approve should speak up.
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Sammato saṅghena itthannāmo bhikkhu bhikkhunovādako.
The Sangha has appointed monk so-and-so as an instructor of the nuns.
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Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṁ dhārayāmī’”ti.
The Sangha approves and is therefore silent. I will remember it thus.’”
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Atha kho bhagavā chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā dubbharatāya …pe…
Then, after rebuking the monks from the group of six in many ways, the Buddha spoke in dispraise of being difficult to support …
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evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
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“Yo pana bhikkhu asammato bhikkhuniyo ovadeyya pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk who has not been appointed instructs the nuns, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”
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Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.
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Tena kho pana samayena therā bhikkhū sammatā bhikkhuniyo ovadantā tatheva lābhino honti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṁ.
After being appointed to do so, the senior monks who instructed the nuns still received robe-cloth, almsfood, dwellings, and medicinal supplies.
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Atha kho chabbaggiyānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etadahosi—
When they found out about this, the monks from the group of six said,
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“etarahi kho, āvuso, therā bhikkhū sammatā bhikkhuniyo ovadantā tatheva lābhino honti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṁ.
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Handāvuso, mayampi nissīmaṁ gantvā aññamaññaṁ bhikkhunovādakaṁ sammannitvā bhikkhuniyo ovadāmā”ti.
“Well then, let’s go outside the monastery zone, appoint each other as instructors of the nuns, and then instruct them.”
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Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū nissīmaṁ gantvā aññamaññaṁ bhikkhunovādakaṁ sammannitvā bhikkhuniyo upasaṅkamitvā etadavocuṁ—“mayampi, bhaginiyo, sammatā.
After doing just that, they again went to the nuns and said, “Sisters, we too have been appointed.
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Amhepi upasaṅkamatha. Mayampi ovadissāmā”ti.
Come to us, and we will instruct you.”
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Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo yena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā chabbaggiye bhikkhū abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu.
Once again the nuns went to the monks from the group of six and everything unfolded as before.
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Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhunīnaṁ parittaññeva dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā divasaṁ tiracchānakathāya vītināmetvā uyyojesuṁ—
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“gacchatha, bhaginiyo”ti.
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Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu;
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upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhaṁsu.
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Ekamantaṁ ṭhitā kho tā bhikkhuniyo bhagavā etadavoca—
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“kacci, bhikkhuniyo, ovādo iddho ahosī”ti?
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“Kuto, bhante, ovādo iddho bhavissati.
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Ayyā chabbaggiyā parittaññeva dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā divasaṁ tiracchānakathāya vītināmetvā uyyojesun”ti.
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Atha kho bhagavā tā bhikkhuniyo dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi …pe…
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atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassitā samādapitā samuttejitā sampahaṁsitā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā pakkamiṁsu.
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Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṁ sannipātāpetvā chabbaggiye bhikkhū paṭipucchi—
The Buddha then had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks from the group of six:
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“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhikkhunīnaṁ parittaññeva dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā divasaṁ tiracchānakathāya vītināmetvā uyyojethā”ti?
“Is it true, monks, that you acted like this?”
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“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, sir.”
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Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked them …
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kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, bhikkhunīnaṁ parittaññeva dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā divasaṁ tiracchānakathāya vītināmetvā uyyojessatha.
“Foolish men, how could you act like this?
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Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …”
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vigarahitvā …pe…
After rebuking them …
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dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
he gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
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“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgataṁ bhikkhuṁ bhikkhunovādakaṁ sammannituṁ.
“Monks, you may appoint a monk who possesses eight qualities as an instructor of the nuns:
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Sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṁvarasaṁvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu;
He is virtuous and restrained by the Monastic Code. His conduct is good, he associates with the right people, and he sees danger in minor faults. He undertakes and trains in the training rules.
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bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo, ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṁ sabyañjanaṁ kevalaparipuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ abhivadanti tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasā anupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā;
He has learned much, and he retains and accumulates what he has learned. Those teachings that are good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, that have a true goal and are well articulated, and that set out the perfectly complete and pure spiritual life—he has learned many such teachings, retained them in mind, recited them verbally, mentally investigated them, and penetrated them well by view.
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ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso;
He has properly learned both Monastic Codes in detail. He has analyzed them well, thoroughly mastered them, and investigated them well, both in terms of the rules and their detailed exposition.
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kalyāṇavāco hoti kalyāṇavākkaraṇo;
He is well-spoken and has a good voice.
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yebhuyyena bhikkhunīnaṁ piyo hoti manāpo;
He is generally liked by and pleasing to the nuns.
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paṭibalo hoti bhikkhuniyo ovadituṁ;
He is capable of instructing the nuns.
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na kho panetaṁ bhagavantaṁ uddissa pabbajitāya kāsāyavatthavasanāya garudhammaṁ ajjhāpannapubbo hoti;
He has never committed a heavy offense against a Buddhist nun.
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vīsativasso vā hoti atirekavīsativasso vā—
He has been fully ordained for at least twenty years.
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anujānāmi, bhikkhave, imehi aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgataṁ bhikkhuṁ bhikkhunovādakaṁ sammannitun”ti.
Monks, you may appoint a monk who possesses these eight qualities as an instructor of the nuns.”
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Yo panāti
A:
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yo yādiso …pe…
whoever …
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bhikkhūti
Monk:
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…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.
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Asammato nāma
Who has not been appointed:
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ñatticatutthena kammena asammato.
who has not been appointed through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements.
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Bhikkhuniyo nāma
The nuns:
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ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā.
they have been given the full ordination by both Sanghas.
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Ovadeyyāti
Instructs:
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aṭṭhahi garudhammehi ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
if he instructs in the eight important principles, he commits an offense entailing confession.
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Aññena dhammena ovadati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he instructs in any other teaching, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.
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Ekatoupasampannaṁ ovadati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he instructs a nun who is fully ordained only on one side, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.
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Tena sammatena bhikkhunā pariveṇaṁ sammajjitvā pānīyaṁ paribhojanīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpetvā āsanaṁ paññapetvā dutiyaṁ gahetvā nisīditabbaṁ.
The monk who has been appointed should sweep the yard, set out water for drinking and water for washing, prepare a seat, get hold of a companion, and then sit down.
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Bhikkhunīhi tattha gantvā taṁ bhikkhuṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīditabbaṁ.
The nuns should go there, bow down to the monk, and sit down.
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Tena bhikkhunā pucchitabbā—
The monk should then ask them,

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